Information Warfare Essay -- essays research papers

As we entered the third wave, we traded in our pens and notebooks, for keyboards and CPU’s. A simple wire connected from a phoneline to a modem to your CPU, brings the whole world into your hands. And you into the worlds hand as well. Political realism is defined as doing what is necessary for survival. One must depend on themselves, because no one else will look out for them. Information Warfare has become a massly used tactic by individuals as well as companies looking out for their own survival, in a world of commerce, and politics. Information Warfare is an innovative and dangerous new way to harm your opponents. When one thinks of warfare the mind is usually bombarded by thoughts of M16’s, grenades, and hand to hand combat. In this new era of technology that we are living in warfare has come to mean so much more. Information warfare is the use of any type of information used to injure your opponent’s progress and further your own. The power of Information Warfare spans a broad scope of uses, from the gathering information about companies, to personal blackmail. It’s used not only by individuals against other persons, but companies and even the nation as well. As the third wave, defined by Tofflers, becomes more widely spread across the nation and world we can only expect a far larger usage of such technological tactics, being used in the home, workplace, and even international politics. Schwartau’s definition of Information Warfare is, “the use of information, and information syst ems as both weapons and targets in a conflict,'; (Schwartau 12). We are now living in a time when knowledge is power, and what is knowledge made up of? Quite simply, information.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Information Warfare is not only becoming more rampantly used among people, but they are using different types as well. There are three different classifications of Information Warfare. The first one deals with personal information warfare. This is inclusive with all the information that is available about an individual. Class two deals with corporate information warfare, which involves how information effects companies, businesses, and all economic interests. Of all the classes the third one has the broadest margin. The third class is global information warfare. This purpose of this class is to deal with all a... ... being able to visit such cites that would have pornography, and/or other material unsuitable for youngsters. The school has installed a program so that if the kids were to access prohibited cites an automatic alarm would notify Education Queensland’s network administrators. By taking control of the cites that the children can visit, the school system is helping to keep the children from visiting undesireable cites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are programs available to those parents who feel it is necessary to monitor their childs use of the Internet. Cybersitter can be purchased for around $39.95, and can help to regulate your web browser keeping your childs access to the world wide web restricted. There is even and option in which incoming and outgoing e-mails for inappropriate material.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While it is possible to intercept and not allow such things on the internet on the Internet such as pornography, or material containing racist or violent content, in order to really do so the entire net would have to be controlled. An important question that has to be asked is who will do the monitoring, and what will they base their criteria on.

Math and Running a Business Essay

I Know I have been to many towns in my life and noticed people trying to make a living at street vendors. There are many street vendors in many cities across the US as well as other countries such as Chicago, New York, and Cancun Mexico just to name a few. I have never had or thought to ever spoke to a vendor about business. â€Å"No matter where they live or what they sell they all talk about business just like any CEO or large company Executive would† ( Charan, 2001, P 1). They are all out to make a profit. They all need to find a way to make sure the product sells and quickly so a profit can be made. So a vendor will start his day with quality and quantity, he needs to make sure he will not have too much inventory at the end of the day so he may purchase more product for the next day. Say something like fresh fruits or vegetables. â€Å"The fresh products are placed in the front (retailers call this merchandising)† (Charan, 2001, P 23). Any vendor needs to watch their competition and look to see what their product is selling for. This will happen every day so as the vendor is watching he may also have to cut his prices so the value would increase for the customer. The next day and the day after will go the same way it’s all about how to make a profit. Being a one-person business may seem simple, it’s not there are many decisions that need to be made. Every business is the same one way or another they need to make money to survive. Math is an essential asset in the business world, without math no business would be able to operate. The business world revolves around math, from profit and loss statements, bookkeeping, taxes and employees’ salaries. Formulas and equations are used to determine how much product one might need. For example a vendor will start his day with quality and quantity. He needs to make sure he will not have too much inventory at the end of the day so he may purchase more products for the next day. Say something like fresh fruits or vegetables. â€Å"The fresh products are placed in the front (retailers call this merchandising)† (Charan, 2001, P 23). Any vendor needs to watch their competition and look to see what their product is selling for. This will happen every day so as the vendor is watching he may also have to cut his prices so the value would increase for the customer. The next day and the day after will go the same way it’s all about how to make a profit. Being a one-person business may seem simple, it’s not there are many decisions that need to be made. Every business is the same one way or another they need to make money to survive. â€Å"Business ownership requires more than skill in creating a product or talent at providing a service. Overseeing the finances of your company is the key to survival and success. Understanding basic business math is necessary for profitable operations and accurate record keeping. Knowing how to add, subtract, multiply, divide, round and use percentages and fractions is the minimum you need to price your product and meet your budget. If math is not your strength, partner with someone who can take over that role or hire a trusted employee to help your operation stay in the black and grow responsibly†. (Deeb, 2012, WS). Whether you are a sole proprietor, small business owner or corporation location is a big concern. Location shows us we need to do the math. Will I have enough customers to make this business work? Will my product sell? Am I going to make a profit? What are my expenses going to be? I have learned a lot about being a business owner from reading â€Å"What the CEO wants you to know† (Charan, 2001, NP). I find it very interesting that weather you are a street vendor, a sole proprietor, or a CEO of a large corporation it all comes down to one thing. â€Å"Show me the money† everyone in business for themselves or corporation needs to have the income to survive. I have learned the basic building blocks of a business and the hard work it takes to be able to run a business. Not everyone will succeed in the business world, but if you prove dedication and hard work dreams of being a sole business owner can come true. There are so many steps to follow to be a successful business man. Those steps are called the business acumen which include; cash generation, return on assets, making your margin meaningful, making velocity meaningful, growth and going in the right direction. You also need to make sure you have customers, and be able to know your customers. â€Å"Wealth is more than making money† (Charan, 2001, P 77 C 5). â€Å"The best business men know and understand that money making and wealth creation are linked through what is known as the price earnings multiply† (Charan, 2001, P77). P–E multiple is a number and it represents expectations about a company’s current and future money. Everyone in business for themselves has one goal and that is at the end of the day they need to deliver and make a profit. I like the way that â€Å"Ram Charon† uses in the book as he is teaching a class. â€Å"He asked the question Think of someone you consider being good with people? The students always come up with phrases like outgoing, enthusiastic, personality, or well liked. Personality alone is not what makes a company deliver. It takes knowledge and insight into how an organization really works†. (Charan, 2001, P94). I use that a lot every day in my own job as I work with students helping them build their resumes, talking about what they want to do after they graduate, and how to help them with interview skills. I coach each student just like any business man would coach their staff or team. Team + knowledge = success. Building you own company is the big picture; you need to know how to be a leader, and to stay focused. With the right tools and determination anyone can be a business owner. There are steps to starting up a business, first you need to write a business plan to form goals and objectives, register your business and file a (DBA), obtain a federal Identification number and satisfy business licensing requirements. The easy part but still very important part starts as to opening a bank account, purchasing insurance, establish a business presence, and in today’s day and age establish a website. Getting you name out to the community is the most important part without customers you will fail as a business owner. Advertising yourself is the key to a successful career. A business needs to advertise in the community join the chamber of commerce, flyers and the local church. Research is needed identify where to get help, smart business owners know where and when to seek advice from other sources. Identify accountants in the area who may be able to assist you with specific questions about a startup business. The question is answered with much difficulty. One could easily argue that in order to be good at business you simply need to have a good mind for management, decisions, and people skills. However, math is a big part of business and while you can always rely on other people to take care of it would you really want to? Only you can decide whether or not you feel math is important for you. Decide what to do, despite the clutter of day-to-day business and the complexity of the real world. Many people spend more than a hundred thousand dollars on an MBA without learning to pull these pieces of the puzzle together. Many others lack a formal business education and feel shut out from the executive suite. What the CEO Wants You to Know takes the mystery out of business and shows the secrets of success. What the CEO Wants You to Know by Ram Charan – CNET Download.com Building you own company is the big picture; you need to know how to be a leader, and to stay focused. With the right tools and determination anyone can be a business owner. Starting a new business can be fun and very rewarding at the same time. You become your own boss, and eventually, you might even be able to hire your own employees. Everything would depend on how successful your business is in making profits. So the next time you see a street vendor you might want to take a moment and talk to that vendor about his or her business. References: Carol Deeb. (2012). importance-basic-math-business-41097.html. In The importance of basic math in business. Retrieved October 13, 2012 from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/ Ram Charan (2001). WHAT THE CEO WANTS YOU TO KNOW Copyright  © 2001Ram Charan Designed and developed by FSB Associates What the CEO Wants You to Know by Ram Charan – CNET Download.com

Presidential Executive Order

Executive orders (EOs) are official documents, numbered consecutively, by which the President of the U.S. manages the operations of the Federal Government.Since 1789, US presidents (the executive) have issued directives that are now known as executive orders. These are legally binding directives to federal administrative agencies. Executive orders are generally used to direct federal agencies and officials as their agencies implement a congressionally-established law. However, executive orders may be controversial if the President is acting counter to real or perceived legislative intent.History of Executive OrdersPresident George Washington issued the first executive order three months after being sworn into office . Four months later, 3 October 1789, Washington used this power to proclaim the first national day of thanksgiving.The term executive order was initiated by President Lincoln in 1862, and most executive orders were unpublished until the early 1900s when the State Departme nt began numbering them.br/>Since 1935, presidential proclamations and executive orders of general applicability and legal effect must be published in the Federal Register unless doing so would threaten national security.Executive Order 11030, signed in 1962, established the proper form and process for presidential executive orders. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is responsible for managing the process.The executive order is not the only type of presidential directive. Signing statements are another form of a directive, specifically associated with a piece of legislation passed by Congress. Types of Executive Orders There are two types of executive order. The most common is a document directing executive branch agencies how to carry out their legislative mission. The other type is a declaration of policy interpretation which intended for a wider, public audience.The text of executive orders appears in the daily Federal Register as each executive order is signed by the President and received by the Office of the Federal Register. The text of executive orders beginning with Executive Order 7316 of 13 March 1936, also appears in the sequential editions of Title 3 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Access and Review The National Archives maintains an online record of Executive Order Disposition Tables. The tables are compiled by President and maintained by the Office of the Federal Register. The first is President Franklin D. Roosevelt.The Codification of Presidential Proclamations and Executive Orders covers the period 13 April 1945, through 20 January 1989 -- a period encompassing the administrations of Harry S. Truman through Ronald Reagan. Executive Orders Signed by George W. Bush - 262, EOs 13198 - 13466 (17 July 2008)Executive Orders Signed by William J. Clinton - 364, EOs 12834-13197Executive Orders Signed by George Bush - 166, EOs 12668-12833Executive Orders Signed by Ronald Reagan - 381, EOs 12287-12667Executive Orders Signed by Jimmy Carter - 320, EOs 11967-12286Executive Orders Signed by Gerald Ford - 169, EOs 11798-11966Executive Orders Signed by Richard Nixon - 346, EOs 11452-11797Executive Orders Signed by Lyndon B. Johnson - 324, EOs 11128-11451Executive Orders Signed by John F. Kennedy - 214, EOs 10914-11127Executive Orders Signed by Dwight D. Eisenhower - 486, EOs 10432-10913Executive Orders Signed by Harry S. Truman - 896, EOs 9538-10431Executive Orders Signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt - 3,728, EOs 6071-9537 Revoking An Executive OrderIn 1988, President Reagan banned abortions at a   military hospital except in cases of rape or incest or when the mothers life is threatened. President Clinton rescinded it with another executive order. A Republican Congress then codified this restriction in an appropriations bill. Welcome to the Washington, D.C. merry-go-round. Because executive orders relate to how one president manages his executive branch team, there is no requirement that subsequent presidents follow them. They may do as Clinton did, and replace an old executive order with a new one or they may simply revoke the prior executive order.Congress can also revoke a presidential executive order by passing a bill by a veto-proof (2/3 vote) majority. For example, in 2003 Congress unsuccessfully attempted to revoke President Bushs Executive Order 13233, which had rescinded Executive Order 12667 (Reagan). The bill, HR 5073 40, did not pass. Controversial Executive Orders Presidents have been accused of using the power of the executive order to make, not merely implement, policy. This is controversial, as it subverts the separation of powers as outlined in the Constitution.President Lincoln used the power of presidential proclamation to initiate the Civil War. On 25 December 1868, President Andrew Johnson issued the Christmas Proclamation, which pardoned all and every person who directly or indirectly participated in the late insurrection or rebellion related to the Civil War. He did so under his constitutional authority to grant pardons; his action was subsequently upheld by the Supreme Court.President Truman desegregated the armed forces via Executive Order 9981. During the Korean War, on 8 April 1952, Truman issued Executive Order 10340  in order to avert a steel mill workers strike called for the following day. He did so with public regret. The case -- --Youngstown Sheet Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952) -- went all the way to the Supreme Court, which sided with the steel mills. Workers [url linkhttp://www.democraticcentral.com/showDiary.do?diaryId1865]immediately went on strike. A half million workers were laid off as companies lacked steel to keep plants running. The number of railroad cars loaded in the week ending July 7, 1952, was the lowest since records had been kept, and many railroads began to suffer financial difficulty. California growers faced a loss of $200 million because there was not enough steel to make cans for their vegetable crops. On July 22, the United States Army shut down its largest shell-making plant due to a lack of steel. President Eisenhower used Executive Order 10730  to begin the process of desegregating Americas public schools.

Thesis Statement Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 2391 Words

Thesis Statement: In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the creature’s identity as a monster is due to societal rejection, isolation, and misinterpretation. Body Paragraph One (Paragraph Two of Five) Topic Sentence: The creature continually faces societal rejection, which plays a crucial role in developing his identity as a monster. Proof One: - As soon as Frankenstein sees â€Å"the dull yellow eye of the creature open†, he is immediately horrified by it. (p. 38-39) â€Å"His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath†. His hair and teeth â€Å"formed a †¦ horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion, and straight, black lips†.†¦show more content†¦After eating some food and resting, he headed to the village nearby. At his arrival, â€Å"the whole village was roused†. â€Å"Children shrieked† and â€Å"women fainted†. â€Å"Some fled, some attacked† the creature. The creature was â€Å"grievously bruised by stones and many other kinds of missile weapons†. He ran away and â€Å"fearfully took refuge in a low hovel†. (p. 83) - Now the creature knows that it is not only his creator, Frankenstein, who rejects him, but an entire village. He was left â€Å"miserable †¦. from the barbarity of man†. He is not only learning that society dislikes him, but that it is ‘normal’ to attack others. He hasn’t known kindness in his entire life. He doesn’t even know that it exists. The second contact he has with humans, they are being violent. They are not demonstrating any sort of reason, teaching the creature that it is normal to be violent and impulsive. Proof Three: - When the creature finally decided to come into contact with the family, he waited until the â€Å"old man, at his own desire, was left alone in the cottage†. (p. 107) He knocked, and upon being admitted, made conversation with the old man. The creature explained that he was â€Å"an unfortunate and deserted creature†. (p. 108) When the heard the younger people returning, he told the old man to â€Å"save and protect† him. (p. 110) As soon as the younger people saw him, they were horrified. â€Å"Agatha fainted; and Safie, unable to attend her friend, rushed out of the cottage. Felix darted forward and †¦Show MoreRelatedFrankenstein And The Modern Prometheus963 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is a sci-fi novel composed by Mary Shelley. This is the story of a science understudy, Victor Frankenstein, who made a beast amid one of his trials. This beast ends up being an inconvenience for Victor. The creature depicted as a living being with all the emotions and feelings, and his appearance of beast was a huge issue when he felt that individuals dreaded him, and they abhor him. He would not like to murder individuals; indeed he attemptedRead MoreFrankenstein/ Blade Runner Essay989 Words   |  4 Pages‘Our interest in the parallels between ‘Frankenstein’ and ‘Blade Runner’ is further enhanced by the consideration of their marked differences in textual form.’ Evaluate this statement in light of your comparative study of ‘Frankenstein’ and ‘Blade Runner’ Textual form is an issue which divide many critiques and audiences. Some view texts as a form being superior and more expressive, whereas others may view film as to be losing its credibility of expression. Never the less it is adamant that throughRead More Science Fiction Explored in Frankenstein, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and The Invisible Man2057 Words   |  9 PagesThe Legacy of Science Fiction Explored in Frankenstein, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and The Invisible Man Science Fiction is a branch of literature that explores the possibilities of human scientific advances, especially technological ones. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (published in 1818) was a precursor of the genre which was established by Jules Vernes novels of the late 1800s. HG Wells at the turn of the twentieth century brought more scientific rigour in his works, such as The Time MachineRead MorePolitics and The English Language: George Orwell ´s Literature3705 Words   |  15 PagesThe persona which Eric Arthur Blair fabricates through George Orwell, meticulously implements a paradoxical set of literary devices throughout his thesis, which has arguably forged him as one of the greatest social commentators of modern history. The thesis which spans over the body of Orwell’s work extrapolates upon the integral influence that writing has on society and to reinstate the integrity of the writer. Orwell’s essays have sparked a plethora of adverse and auxiliary opinions re garding theRead MoreCause and Impact Analysis on the Main Character’s Suffering in Elizabeth Gilbert’s Novel Eat, Pray, Love7348 Words   |  30 PagesChapter I INTRODUCTION In this chapter the researcher discussed about this study based on background of the study, problem statements of the study, purpose of the study, the significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, and definition of key terms. All of them were included on the chapter one as fulfilled of the study. 1. Background of The Study Literature did not take itself to a single definition because the achieving of it over century has been as complex and naturalRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 Pageswith the villain, which plays an important role in the plot and contributes to the development of both characters. There are usually several confrontations before the climax is reached. The conflict of the Person vs. Person type is external. Person ra. S elf is the kind of conflict which takes place inside a character - in his thoughts, feelings, and attitudes. The internal conflict does not mean that the external world is irrelevant: although the struggle is internal, the character can be influenced

The Dangers Of Animal Agriculture - 1859 Words

Darroch Koel English 102 Dave Rick 26 February 2017 The Dangers of Animal Agriculture: The world is at a point in history where it is time to make or break. The earth is slowly dying due to rising global temperatures, pollution, and most importantly animal agriculture. The evidence is so blatant, correlating animal agriculture with global warming, that it nearly hits us humans right in the face, yet we continue to act as if this problem is miniscule. The actual term global warming is defined as a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. Not only is animal agriculture the†¦show more content†¦People may ask why this is such an issue? Changing eating habits isn’t hard. It is extremely hard, because we are changing everything about our culture. Global warming is not seen as big problem in our culture today. In fact, around 1.6 billion people still don’t think climate change or global warming is even a thing. Animal agriculture has correlation with the highest sea level rise ever recorded in history along with, warming oceans, spiking global temperatures, declining arctic sea ice, shrinking ice sheets, ocean acidification and decreased snow cover every year. It only continues to get worse. The problem with this is that worldwide, 61% of the greenhouse gases produced on earth is from animal agriculture. The next closest being 18% due to fossil fuels (Climate Change Indicators in the United States). The answer is plain and simple, there needs to be regulations put on all meats to limit the amount produced year. Scientists believe that if people produced just enough or even a little more than we need for a meat diet, instead of producing 10 billion, producing 7.5 billion, the greenhouse gas from animal agriculture would be 26% less than it is currently. There needs to be a change in the way life is right now, because if the numbers kee p increases the way they are, the earth will be like one big Chernobyl, poisoned by pure Co2. However, humanity has always found a way to survive, and this task ahead will prove toShow MoreRelatedHow Can Sustainable Agriculture Be Better For Americans Vs. Industrial Agriculture?1481 Words   |  6 PagesLisandra de Oliveira Torres AP Seminar Ms. Glennie/ Mr. Fellowes 19 November 2015 How can sustainable agriculture be better for Americans compared to industrial agriculture? Sustainable agriculture is the idea to agriculture that prioritize in fabricating food in a manner that does not demean nature and does not threaten human or animal s health. Sustainable agriculture provides high quality produce without diminishing resources and natural systems that productivity rely on. A study by the UniversityRead More New Zealands Agriculture1086 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment of human civilization in New Zealand is the preeminent concern for threatening the country’s animal farming industries. In fact, climate change is a greater concern, and if global temperatures continue to rise as they have been over the years, New Zealand ’s animal farms could take a hit. Animal farms aren’t the only widespread economy drivers in New Zealand. In addition to animal farms, New Zealand is also rich with tree farms. This way they can harvest trees for lumber without touchingRead MoreThe Effects Of Environmental Degradation On The Environment1677 Words   |  7 Pagesall of the diversity that exists within a certain region - a good example of this being Papua New Guinea. The rainforest of Papua New Guinea are incredibly rich and diverse environments; the rainforest not only houses a wide variety of plant and animal species, but is also home many indigenous groups. By examining the changes in Papua New Guinea’s rainforest throughout time, a better understanding of the complex and dynamic human relationship to nature will be achieved. Read MoreDiscuss the negative and positive aspects of the development of agriculture. Was it, or was it not the worst mistake in the history of the human race?1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of agriculture. Was it, or was it not the worst mistake in the history of the human race? Agriculture is not just a way of growing food; it involves in whole spectrum of cultural changes and adaptations by early human communities. The demands and effects of practicing agriculture as a means of survival created a new kind of community life, with new opportunities and new problems for humanity. For most of our history we supported ourselves by hunting and gathering wild animals and foragingRead MoreEssay about Should Genetic Engineering Be Controlled by Law?992 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Just as the success of a corporate body in making money need not set the human condition ahead, neither does every scientific advance automatically make our lives more meaningful† ( Professor George Wald, Noble Prize winning biologist, The Dangers of Genetic Engineeering 1976, p.45) . Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genes. It uses the techniques of molecular cloning and transformation to alter the structure and characteristics of the genes directly(Wikipedia)Read MoreThe Natural Resources Defence Council Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagesthese creatures in; the extinction of honeybees is mutual destruction for both the bees and humans. Humans are only speeding up the process with a multitude of harmful industries and other aspects. Bees are important for United States consumerism, agriculture, and the environment, yet humans continually abuse them, negatively impacting many important aspects of society and contributing to Colony Collapse Disorder. A multitude of people are poorly educated on honeybees, and put them into theRead MoreKilling Animals Is A Normal Way Of Life1658 Words   |  7 PagesFor many, killing animals is a normal way of life. After all, animals are here on earth to eat right? I was raised to think just this way. In my family, we learned to hunt and fish at an early age. We have even produced a few hogs of our own to butcher. A life without meat seemed insane to the younger me. As I aged I got involved in 4-H, an agriculture program for kids. Children with the help of their parents raise and then sell animals such as pigs, chickens, turkeys, goats, rabbit, andRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms:Its Dangers to Human Society Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesappear on our dining table. Sugar beet, cotton, sugar cane, corn, soybeans, golden rice and tomatoes are the representatives of GM crops and you could easily see these foods in supermarket shelves. Even animal products such as meat, m ilk, and eggs often contain genetically engineered genes, since the animals are fed by GM foods. The first vegetable which was made by gene manipulation was tomatoes in the 1980’s. After this success, many scientists and food companies began to pay attention to this new formRead MoreThe Impact of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations1629 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (Order #A2090977) In the past century there has been a substantial change in the way human beings raise and keep animals meant for food. While in the past there were great numbers of widely spaced small individual farms, now there are relatively few, but extremely large industrialized farms. And as the numbers of animals kept and slaughtered for human consumption increases, these industrialized farms, known as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations orRead MoreThe American Farmer845 Words   |  4 PagesThey have provided food for hungry mouths, nutrients for livestock, and fiber for clothing. These are all deriving from agriculture, but more importantly the American Farmer. The American farmer has provided all of these produce for the population and even more to export to other countries. However, with the population rapidly growing the famer is finding it increasingly more difficult to provide what is in demand. This creates an even more problematic situation when the United States citizens have

Computer Security and Forensics Tools

Questions: 1. Get the definitions/meanings of the security terms given below. You are required to get at least TWO (2) definitions for each term from published books and/or journals. Cite the sources for each answer. a. Computer Security b. Internet Security c. Information Security d. Threat e. Vulnerability f. Exploit g. Man-in-the-middle attack h. Distributed denial-of-service i. Phishing j. CIA Triad 2. Do a research on two latest security breach incidents that have caused huge damage(s) or losses to the victims. Fulfil the requirements below: a. Describe the incident(s) i. When did it happen? ii. What is the damage/loss like? iii. Why did the breach happen? iv. How did the breach happen? v. Who are involved in these incidents? b. Propose prevention for each incident. Answers: (1). Computer Security Computer Security is defined to hold the purpose for protecting against a particular danger where the outside intruders break into the system for stealing the secrets or the money. The security is able to protect the computer which has been associated to it with the building of the terminals as well as protecting the information stored in the same. This is called the information security. Russell, D., Gangemi, G. T. (1991).Computer security basics. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Computer Security has been defiend to ensure that the data storage in the computer is not easy to be read or compromised without a proper authorisation. Most of the measures involve the technique related to the envryption of data and the passwords. The data encryption is mainly to set the data translation into the form which is not completely deciphering. Pfleeger, C. P., Pfleeger, S. L. (2002).Security in computing. Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference. Internet Security It has been defined as the branch which is related to the internet and involve the security of the browser which applies to handle the applications or the operating systems. The major objective has been to establish the rules and the measures for handling the attacks over the internet. Denning, D. E. R. (1999).Information warfare and security(Vol. 4). Reading: Addison-Wesley. The firewalls and the Internet security is mainly to describe the limited support which is experimental for the Windows users on a particular home network. Here, every user has been directed to the TCP port which is able to run on the smbd process which has been specific to the particular user. Cheswick, W. R., Bellovin, S. M., Rubin, A. D. (1994).Firewalls and internet security: repelling the wily hacker. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Information Security The information security program is mainly responsible to involve the risk management. The ISA has been able to handle the designation because the internal controls are not completely liable. Another important focus has been to find the documents of a particular organisational responsibility. This is able to direct the assets from the different intentional and the unintentional disclosures, modifications, destructions etc. Peltier, T. R. (2005).Information security risk analysis. CRC press. The information security has been defined to handle the information from any unauthorised access, usage or the disclosure of the information. This also protects the information from the modification, inspection or the destruction. The information is set and based on handling the usage of the different forms of the data which may be able to take the forms of the electronic and the physical setup. Tipton, H. F., Krause, M. (2003).Information security management handbook. CRC Press. Threat There have been threats related to the copyright protection for the particular computer language. These are set to take hold of the different incentives or the technological threat standards. Threats are mainly to discover the information which is intentional or accidental depending upon the malfunctioning and natural disaster. Feenberg, A. (1999). Distance learning: Promise or threat.Crosstalk,7(1), 12-14. The threats are related to the virus, spam and phishing which is able to work on the different entities. There have been billions of the spam emails which are sent, thereby, making it a huge problem for the business to work further. The threats are the spyware which are able to catch all the terms for the different software which easily and secretly monitor about the online activities for aiding the advertisement and the marketing search. The details are compiled to hold the acceptable usage policy of the system with the security breach. Breyer, S. (1970). The uneasy case for copyright: A study of copyright in books, photocopies, and computer programs.Harvard Law Review, 281-351. Vulnerability The vulnerability is considered to be the security risks which is tied to the loss of potential with the focus on the working and the implementation of the attacks. This completely exploits the risks where the windows of vulnerability are set for the time where the security hole has been introduced or manifested in the deployed software. Gollmann, D. (2010). Computer security.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics,2(5), 544-554. Vulnerability has been the cyber security which refers to all the flaws in the system for the other system to attack. This has been referred to the weakness of the system with the set procedures that are directly exposed to the threats. There have been patches where one can protect the computer system from the vulnerability by handling the security of the software patch completely up to date. Hsiao, D. K., Kerr, D. S., Madnick, S. E. (2014).Computer security. Academic Press. Exploit In the computation, the exploit is said to be the attack on the system which is able to take the advantage of the system vulnerability that has been offered to the intruders. These are labelled as the acts of the attack where the users of the system or the applications are completely responsible for obtaining the patch to be downloaded from the Web. Huddleston, D. E. (2010).U.S. Patent No. 7,788,723. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The exploit has been the software or the data where the commands have been related to the malicious intent to carry the tasks like the denial of the service attack, Trojan horse, worms and the virus. The remote exploitation is holding the vulnerability without any access to the system. Malecki, F. (2013). Defending your business from exploit kits.Computer Fraud Security,2013(6), 19-20. Man-in-the-Middle attack It has been defined as the attack where the cyber-attack has been malicious actor who inserts in the conversation for impersonation of both the gain of the parties and the information access. This has been the eavesdrop attack which occurs when the actor is able to insert himself in the relay or any proxy communication between the system and the people. This has been set as the exploit attack for the real time processing of the conversations and the data transfer. Dougan, T., Curran, K. (2012). Man in the browser attacks.International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence (IJACI),4(1), 29-39. The attacks have a complete ability to hold the information for capturing and manipulation. This involves the distribution of the malware process which provides the different attackers to access the Web browser data to send and receive the transactions and conversations. In this, the attacker, Is easily able to intercept the traffic coming from the computer with the data collection. This is thereafter forwarded to the destination for handling the visit. Lin, T. H., Lin, C. Y., Hwang, T. (2013). Man-in-the-Middle Attack on Quantum dialogue with authentication based on Bell states.International Journal of Theoretical Physics,52(9), 3199-3203. Distributed Denial-of-service It is defined as the attempt for making a machine or the network completely unavailable from the different users with the suspension of services where the hosts are directed connected to the internet system. This is where the source of the attack seems to be more than one with a unique IP address. The focus has been on including the unusual slow networking performance with the inability to completely access the web sites. Beitollahi, H., Deconinck, G. (2012). Analyzing well-known countermeasures against distributed denial of service attacks.Computer Communications,35(11), 1312-1332. This attack has been constituted as the attack with the flood of holding the incoming messages for targeting system to be forced to shut down. In DDoS attacks, the vulnerability is identified with the malware which is eventually set under the network centric attack or the attack related to the application layer. a computer system is held under control of the intruder with not only the spam, virus or the worms, which are considered to be the biggest threats. Kumar, P. A. R., Selvakumar, S. (2011). Distributed denial of service attack detection using an ensemble of neural classifier.Computer Communications,34(11), 1328-1341. Phishing Phishing of the emails directs the users to visit a particular website which has been set for the updates of a particular information. This is related to the hold of the passwords, social security and other information which the user can easily steal and enter into the page. The scams are counted on the people with the suspension of the information with the brand spoofing or carding. Avtar, R., Verma, B., Jangra, A. (2011). Data Shield Algorithm (DSA) for Security against Phishing Attacks. Phishing has been considered to be the fraudulent activity which has been made through the leakage of the personal information. This usually comes when there is a loss of the information through a well organisation information pattern. The pattern is based on handling the links which directs to a particular website where there is a need of a particular information. The possibility of the phishing email are the generic greeting, forged links or the requests of the access of some personal information with the sense of urgency. Lakshmi, V. S., Vijaya, M. S. (2012). Efficient prediction of phishing websites using supervised learning algorithms.Procedia Engineering,30, 798-805. CIA Triad CIA triad for the information security system is mainly to provide a proper baseline for evaluating and implementing the confidentiality which ensure that the data is accessed by a proper authorised person. The integrity assures that the information is completely trusted with the data encryption and hashing of the algorithms. The availability is also depending upon handling the maintenance of the hardware with the software upgradation as well as the optimisation of the network pattern. Baars, T., Spruit, M. (2012). Designing a secure cloud architecture: The SeCA model.International Journal of Information Security and Privacy (IJISP),6(1), 14-32. The confidentiality, integrity and the availability is based on holding the information of the security issues where the different measures are able to protect the valuable information like the business information, personal information. This has been to develop the security measures through an explored term of the information protection which allows the authorisation of the people in order to access the information Deepika, S., Pandiaraja, P. (2013, February). Ensuring CIA triad for user data using collaborative filtering mechanism. InInformation Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 925-928). IEEE. (2). Incident 1: Describe the incident(s) The incident has been related to the snapchat employee data leakage out of the following phishing attack. Snapchat has been seen to be completely famous for all its messages to disappear but nothing seems to remain constant. It was seen that the Snapchat payroll department was attacked by some isolated emails related to the phishing scam where the CEO was targeted. The focus was mainly on getting the payroll information of some current and the former employees. It had a problem of hacking in the past where the services leaked certain photos from the users where the compromise was only based on handling the data effectively. a. When did it happen? The event took place in February 2016. b. What is the damage/loss like? The damage was mainly relating to the phishing of the emails where the CEO e-mailed the payroll information of the company on that email ID. This included the revealing of the data related to the salary, security number of the company, banking details, addresses as well as the other emails and the personal ID of the people who are using the Snapchat Application. c. Why did the breach happen? This breach of data was mainly due to the corporate hacking and the theft of information. This completely occupied the scale of the hack which was unprecedented along with putting into the public forum for the exposure of the personal information and the data. d. How did the breach happen? Phishing of the emails is possible when there is an acquiring of the sensitive information like the usernames, passwords and the other details of the bank. This causes the malicious reasons for the loss of the information from the system. Phishing has been seen to be the continuous threat for the people as the hackers are able to create a particular clone of the website. Phishing has the ability to take the advantages of the trust of users who may not be able to tell about how many people visited the website or the programs which are used. The target is set under the hold of the passwords, usernames and other security codes. Phishing on AOL has been considered to send the messages instantly to the victim where there is a reveal of the passwords. This is based on handling the origination of the attacks against all the online payments of the systems which are completely feasible. e. Who are involved in these incidents? The people who are involved in this are the employees, the company CEO and the customers whose details are shared with the anonymous person and the hacker. Propose prevention For this, there is a need to learn how to identify the emails of phishing as they are able to duplicate the image of the real company. It is important to check the major source of information from where the mails are coming. It is never advisable to go to the website of the banks by clicking on the links which have been included in the emails. A major need is to enhance the computer security with the sense of the system upgradation. It is always advisable to check the accounts which pertains to the periodic information of all the irregularities in the transactions. The phishing is able to know all the languages and they are poorly written or translated which is a major indication of some problem. There is a possibility of having the slightest doubt with no risks it factors. Incident 2: a. Describe the incident(s) The android have been targeting a larger number of the cyber criminals and it seems that they have been moving to the IOS devices as well. The major threat/vulnerability that could be seen was the MASQUE ATTACK with the replacement of the trusted applications. The access of the devices have been made by fooling the users to download and install all the applications on the Iphone with certain tainted messages. This will direct to replacement of the different legitimate applications or the social networking applications. With the globalised acts it has been seen that there are different parts of the systems which direct to the damages of certain records. b. When did it happen? The event took place in August 2015. c. What is the damage/loss like? The focus of the MASQUE attack has been on all the IO with the PC security setup. There have been attacks in the series with the rapid adoption of covering and targeting the IOS malware. The weapons have been relative to the improper functioning of the different normalised versions set to handle the exfiltration of different data communication. The major impact has been on the mimic of the original application to login and access the sensitive data from the local cache. This has been performed in the background which monitors the device of the users along with gaining the root privilege of the IOS device. d. Why did the breach happen? There were vulnerabilities which allowed the attack of the CVE-2015-3722/3725 and CVE-2015-3725. These are set under the Manifest and Extension Masque which is directing to the demolishing of the different applications. The IOS is seen to be not set for a authorisation and coordination of different applications. Apple holds the applications where the system is not completely defenceless over the remote systems that are associated to the PC. e. How did the breach happen? The assessment is based on the login interface which is able to hold the information gaining the root benefits of the IOS gadgets which can easily break the restrictions from the app container. The vulnerabilities on the IOS 8.4 can easily cause the injection attack of the untrusted code with the replacement of the plugins of VPN. f. Who are involved in these incidents? The people involved in this incident have been the people who are using the Apple Iphone, Employees as well as the hackers who are successful to break into the system for stealing the information. This is only possible when the hackers are able to flash some special offers on the page and force the users to download them. Propose prevention The solution for this could be to protect the phone from the installation of the applications other from the Apple official App store. It is never recommended to install from the third party pop up while viewing a particular web page. This shows that the IOS has been under the Untrusted App Developer Alert which needs to be uninstalled immediately.

Nutrition and Aging free essay sample

This article covers some reasons of eating healthy as we age due to changes occurring slowly over time in all the body systems. These changes are influenced by life events, illnesses, genetic traits and socioeconomic factors. It is noted, while we age, we lose lean body mass. This reduced muscle mass includes skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and muscle that slow down vital organ function, with loss of cardiac muscle perhaps the most critical. Cardiac capacity can be reduced and cardiac function impaired by chronic diseases such as hypertension or diabetes. Changes also occur in the kidneys, lungs and liver, and hamper the bodies’ ability to generate new protein tissue. Plus, aging can slow the immune systems response in making antibodies furthermore, loss of lean body mass also means reduced body water for 72 percent of total body water is in lean muscle tissue. Accordingly, while we age, body fat increases more so from consuming too many calories. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition and Aging or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nutrition can be a factor in all of the changes noted above. However, the slowing of the normal action of the digestive tract plus general changes have the most direct effect on nutrition. Digestive secretions diminish, although enzymes remain adequate. Adequate dietary fiber, as opposed to increased use of laxatives, will maintain regular bowel function and not interfere with the digestion and absorption of nutrients, which is what often occurs with laxative use or abuse. Calorie needs change due to more body fat and less lean muscle. Less activity can further decrease calorie needs. The challenge for the elderly is to meet the same nutrient needs as when they were younger, yet consume fewer calories. The answer to this problem is to choose foods high in nutrients in relation to their calories. Such foods are considered nutrient-dense. For example, low-fat milk is more nutrient dense than regular milk. Its nutrient content is the same, but it has fewer calories because it has less fat. It also becomes more important that diets contain enough calcium, fiber, iron, protein, and the vitamins A, C, D and that supplements are added if they are not consuming enough from their regular diet. As we age, water is still quite necessary, even though it appears we are drying up from the inside out, we need to drink plenty of liquids throughout the day,