Thesis Statement Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 2391 Words

Thesis Statement: In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the creature’s identity as a monster is due to societal rejection, isolation, and misinterpretation. Body Paragraph One (Paragraph Two of Five) Topic Sentence: The creature continually faces societal rejection, which plays a crucial role in developing his identity as a monster. Proof One: - As soon as Frankenstein sees â€Å"the dull yellow eye of the creature open†, he is immediately horrified by it. (p. 38-39) â€Å"His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath†. His hair and teeth â€Å"formed a †¦ horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion, and straight, black lips†.†¦show more content†¦After eating some food and resting, he headed to the village nearby. At his arrival, â€Å"the whole village was roused†. â€Å"Children shrieked† and â€Å"women fainted†. â€Å"Some fled, some attacked† the creature. The creature was â€Å"grievously bruised by stones and many other kinds of missile weapons†. He ran away and â€Å"fearfully took refuge in a low hovel†. (p. 83) - Now the creature knows that it is not only his creator, Frankenstein, who rejects him, but an entire village. He was left â€Å"miserable †¦. from the barbarity of man†. He is not only learning that society dislikes him, but that it is ‘normal’ to attack others. He hasn’t known kindness in his entire life. He doesn’t even know that it exists. The second contact he has with humans, they are being violent. They are not demonstrating any sort of reason, teaching the creature that it is normal to be violent and impulsive. Proof Three: - When the creature finally decided to come into contact with the family, he waited until the â€Å"old man, at his own desire, was left alone in the cottage†. (p. 107) He knocked, and upon being admitted, made conversation with the old man. The creature explained that he was â€Å"an unfortunate and deserted creature†. (p. 108) When the heard the younger people returning, he told the old man to â€Å"save and protect† him. (p. 110) As soon as the younger people saw him, they were horrified. â€Å"Agatha fainted; and Safie, unable to attend her friend, rushed out of the cottage. Felix darted forward and †¦Show MoreRelatedFrankenstein And The Modern Prometheus963 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is a sci-fi novel composed by Mary Shelley. This is the story of a science understudy, Victor Frankenstein, who made a beast amid one of his trials. This beast ends up being an inconvenience for Victor. The creature depicted as a living being with all the emotions and feelings, and his appearance of beast was a huge issue when he felt that individuals dreaded him, and they abhor him. He would not like to murder individuals; indeed he attemptedRead MoreFrankenstein/ Blade Runner Essay989 Words   |  4 Pages‘Our interest in the parallels between ‘Frankenstein’ and ‘Blade Runner’ is further enhanced by the consideration of their marked differences in textual form.’ Evaluate this statement in light of your comparative study of ‘Frankenstein’ and ‘Blade Runner’ Textual form is an issue which divide many critiques and audiences. Some view texts as a form being superior and more expressive, whereas others may view film as to be losing its credibility of expression. Never the less it is adamant that throughRead More Science Fiction Explored in Frankenstein, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and The Invisible Man2057 Words   |  9 PagesThe Legacy of Science Fiction Explored in Frankenstein, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and The Invisible Man Science Fiction is a branch of literature that explores the possibilities of human scientific advances, especially technological ones. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (published in 1818) was a precursor of the genre which was established by Jules Vernes novels of the late 1800s. HG Wells at the turn of the twentieth century brought more scientific rigour in his works, such as The Time MachineRead MorePolitics and The English Language: George Orwell ´s Literature3705 Words   |  15 PagesThe persona which Eric Arthur Blair fabricates through George Orwell, meticulously implements a paradoxical set of literary devices throughout his thesis, which has arguably forged him as one of the greatest social commentators of modern history. The thesis which spans over the body of Orwell’s work extrapolates upon the integral influence that writing has on society and to reinstate the integrity of the writer. Orwell’s essays have sparked a plethora of adverse and auxiliary opinions re garding theRead MoreCause and Impact Analysis on the Main Character’s Suffering in Elizabeth Gilbert’s Novel Eat, Pray, Love7348 Words   |  30 PagesChapter I INTRODUCTION In this chapter the researcher discussed about this study based on background of the study, problem statements of the study, purpose of the study, the significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, and definition of key terms. All of them were included on the chapter one as fulfilled of the study. 1. Background of The Study Literature did not take itself to a single definition because the achieving of it over century has been as complex and naturalRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 Pageswith the villain, which plays an important role in the plot and contributes to the development of both characters. There are usually several confrontations before the climax is reached. The conflict of the Person vs. Person type is external. Person ra. S elf is the kind of conflict which takes place inside a character - in his thoughts, feelings, and attitudes. The internal conflict does not mean that the external world is irrelevant: although the struggle is internal, the character can be influenced

The Dangers Of Animal Agriculture - 1859 Words

Darroch Koel English 102 Dave Rick 26 February 2017 The Dangers of Animal Agriculture: The world is at a point in history where it is time to make or break. The earth is slowly dying due to rising global temperatures, pollution, and most importantly animal agriculture. The evidence is so blatant, correlating animal agriculture with global warming, that it nearly hits us humans right in the face, yet we continue to act as if this problem is miniscule. The actual term global warming is defined as a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. Not only is animal agriculture the†¦show more content†¦People may ask why this is such an issue? Changing eating habits isn’t hard. It is extremely hard, because we are changing everything about our culture. Global warming is not seen as big problem in our culture today. In fact, around 1.6 billion people still don’t think climate change or global warming is even a thing. Animal agriculture has correlation with the highest sea level rise ever recorded in history along with, warming oceans, spiking global temperatures, declining arctic sea ice, shrinking ice sheets, ocean acidification and decreased snow cover every year. It only continues to get worse. The problem with this is that worldwide, 61% of the greenhouse gases produced on earth is from animal agriculture. The next closest being 18% due to fossil fuels (Climate Change Indicators in the United States). The answer is plain and simple, there needs to be regulations put on all meats to limit the amount produced year. Scientists believe that if people produced just enough or even a little more than we need for a meat diet, instead of producing 10 billion, producing 7.5 billion, the greenhouse gas from animal agriculture would be 26% less than it is currently. There needs to be a change in the way life is right now, because if the numbers kee p increases the way they are, the earth will be like one big Chernobyl, poisoned by pure Co2. However, humanity has always found a way to survive, and this task ahead will prove toShow MoreRelatedHow Can Sustainable Agriculture Be Better For Americans Vs. Industrial Agriculture?1481 Words   |  6 PagesLisandra de Oliveira Torres AP Seminar Ms. Glennie/ Mr. Fellowes 19 November 2015 How can sustainable agriculture be better for Americans compared to industrial agriculture? Sustainable agriculture is the idea to agriculture that prioritize in fabricating food in a manner that does not demean nature and does not threaten human or animal s health. Sustainable agriculture provides high quality produce without diminishing resources and natural systems that productivity rely on. A study by the UniversityRead More New Zealands Agriculture1086 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment of human civilization in New Zealand is the preeminent concern for threatening the country’s animal farming industries. In fact, climate change is a greater concern, and if global temperatures continue to rise as they have been over the years, New Zealand ’s animal farms could take a hit. Animal farms aren’t the only widespread economy drivers in New Zealand. In addition to animal farms, New Zealand is also rich with tree farms. This way they can harvest trees for lumber without touchingRead MoreThe Effects Of Environmental Degradation On The Environment1677 Words   |  7 Pagesall of the diversity that exists within a certain region - a good example of this being Papua New Guinea. The rainforest of Papua New Guinea are incredibly rich and diverse environments; the rainforest not only houses a wide variety of plant and animal species, but is also home many indigenous groups. By examining the changes in Papua New Guinea’s rainforest throughout time, a better understanding of the complex and dynamic human relationship to nature will be achieved. Read MoreDiscuss the negative and positive aspects of the development of agriculture. Was it, or was it not the worst mistake in the history of the human race?1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of agriculture. Was it, or was it not the worst mistake in the history of the human race? Agriculture is not just a way of growing food; it involves in whole spectrum of cultural changes and adaptations by early human communities. The demands and effects of practicing agriculture as a means of survival created a new kind of community life, with new opportunities and new problems for humanity. 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And as the numbers of animals kept and slaughtered for human consumption increases, these industrialized farms, known as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations orRead MoreThe American Farmer845 Words   |  4 PagesThey have provided food for hungry mouths, nutrients for livestock, and fiber for clothing. These are all deriving from agriculture, but more importantly the American Farmer. The American farmer has provided all of these produce for the population and even more to export to other countries. However, with the population rapidly growing the famer is finding it increasingly more difficult to provide what is in demand. This creates an even more problematic situation when the United States citizens have

Computer Security and Forensics Tools

Questions: 1. Get the definitions/meanings of the security terms given below. You are required to get at least TWO (2) definitions for each term from published books and/or journals. Cite the sources for each answer. a. Computer Security b. Internet Security c. Information Security d. Threat e. Vulnerability f. Exploit g. Man-in-the-middle attack h. Distributed denial-of-service i. Phishing j. CIA Triad 2. Do a research on two latest security breach incidents that have caused huge damage(s) or losses to the victims. Fulfil the requirements below: a. Describe the incident(s) i. When did it happen? ii. What is the damage/loss like? iii. Why did the breach happen? iv. How did the breach happen? v. Who are involved in these incidents? b. Propose prevention for each incident. Answers: (1). Computer Security Computer Security is defined to hold the purpose for protecting against a particular danger where the outside intruders break into the system for stealing the secrets or the money. The security is able to protect the computer which has been associated to it with the building of the terminals as well as protecting the information stored in the same. This is called the information security. Russell, D., Gangemi, G. T. (1991).Computer security basics. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Computer Security has been defiend to ensure that the data storage in the computer is not easy to be read or compromised without a proper authorisation. Most of the measures involve the technique related to the envryption of data and the passwords. The data encryption is mainly to set the data translation into the form which is not completely deciphering. Pfleeger, C. P., Pfleeger, S. L. (2002).Security in computing. Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference. Internet Security It has been defined as the branch which is related to the internet and involve the security of the browser which applies to handle the applications or the operating systems. The major objective has been to establish the rules and the measures for handling the attacks over the internet. Denning, D. E. R. (1999).Information warfare and security(Vol. 4). Reading: Addison-Wesley. The firewalls and the Internet security is mainly to describe the limited support which is experimental for the Windows users on a particular home network. Here, every user has been directed to the TCP port which is able to run on the smbd process which has been specific to the particular user. Cheswick, W. R., Bellovin, S. M., Rubin, A. D. (1994).Firewalls and internet security: repelling the wily hacker. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Information Security The information security program is mainly responsible to involve the risk management. The ISA has been able to handle the designation because the internal controls are not completely liable. Another important focus has been to find the documents of a particular organisational responsibility. This is able to direct the assets from the different intentional and the unintentional disclosures, modifications, destructions etc. Peltier, T. R. (2005).Information security risk analysis. CRC press. The information security has been defined to handle the information from any unauthorised access, usage or the disclosure of the information. This also protects the information from the modification, inspection or the destruction. The information is set and based on handling the usage of the different forms of the data which may be able to take the forms of the electronic and the physical setup. Tipton, H. F., Krause, M. (2003).Information security management handbook. CRC Press. Threat There have been threats related to the copyright protection for the particular computer language. These are set to take hold of the different incentives or the technological threat standards. Threats are mainly to discover the information which is intentional or accidental depending upon the malfunctioning and natural disaster. Feenberg, A. (1999). Distance learning: Promise or threat.Crosstalk,7(1), 12-14. The threats are related to the virus, spam and phishing which is able to work on the different entities. There have been billions of the spam emails which are sent, thereby, making it a huge problem for the business to work further. The threats are the spyware which are able to catch all the terms for the different software which easily and secretly monitor about the online activities for aiding the advertisement and the marketing search. The details are compiled to hold the acceptable usage policy of the system with the security breach. Breyer, S. (1970). The uneasy case for copyright: A study of copyright in books, photocopies, and computer programs.Harvard Law Review, 281-351. Vulnerability The vulnerability is considered to be the security risks which is tied to the loss of potential with the focus on the working and the implementation of the attacks. This completely exploits the risks where the windows of vulnerability are set for the time where the security hole has been introduced or manifested in the deployed software. Gollmann, D. (2010). Computer security.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics,2(5), 544-554. Vulnerability has been the cyber security which refers to all the flaws in the system for the other system to attack. This has been referred to the weakness of the system with the set procedures that are directly exposed to the threats. There have been patches where one can protect the computer system from the vulnerability by handling the security of the software patch completely up to date. Hsiao, D. K., Kerr, D. S., Madnick, S. E. (2014).Computer security. Academic Press. Exploit In the computation, the exploit is said to be the attack on the system which is able to take the advantage of the system vulnerability that has been offered to the intruders. These are labelled as the acts of the attack where the users of the system or the applications are completely responsible for obtaining the patch to be downloaded from the Web. Huddleston, D. E. (2010).U.S. Patent No. 7,788,723. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The exploit has been the software or the data where the commands have been related to the malicious intent to carry the tasks like the denial of the service attack, Trojan horse, worms and the virus. The remote exploitation is holding the vulnerability without any access to the system. Malecki, F. (2013). Defending your business from exploit kits.Computer Fraud Security,2013(6), 19-20. Man-in-the-Middle attack It has been defined as the attack where the cyber-attack has been malicious actor who inserts in the conversation for impersonation of both the gain of the parties and the information access. This has been the eavesdrop attack which occurs when the actor is able to insert himself in the relay or any proxy communication between the system and the people. This has been set as the exploit attack for the real time processing of the conversations and the data transfer. Dougan, T., Curran, K. (2012). Man in the browser attacks.International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence (IJACI),4(1), 29-39. The attacks have a complete ability to hold the information for capturing and manipulation. This involves the distribution of the malware process which provides the different attackers to access the Web browser data to send and receive the transactions and conversations. In this, the attacker, Is easily able to intercept the traffic coming from the computer with the data collection. This is thereafter forwarded to the destination for handling the visit. Lin, T. H., Lin, C. Y., Hwang, T. (2013). Man-in-the-Middle Attack on Quantum dialogue with authentication based on Bell states.International Journal of Theoretical Physics,52(9), 3199-3203. Distributed Denial-of-service It is defined as the attempt for making a machine or the network completely unavailable from the different users with the suspension of services where the hosts are directed connected to the internet system. This is where the source of the attack seems to be more than one with a unique IP address. The focus has been on including the unusual slow networking performance with the inability to completely access the web sites. Beitollahi, H., Deconinck, G. (2012). Analyzing well-known countermeasures against distributed denial of service attacks.Computer Communications,35(11), 1312-1332. This attack has been constituted as the attack with the flood of holding the incoming messages for targeting system to be forced to shut down. In DDoS attacks, the vulnerability is identified with the malware which is eventually set under the network centric attack or the attack related to the application layer. a computer system is held under control of the intruder with not only the spam, virus or the worms, which are considered to be the biggest threats. Kumar, P. A. R., Selvakumar, S. (2011). Distributed denial of service attack detection using an ensemble of neural classifier.Computer Communications,34(11), 1328-1341. Phishing Phishing of the emails directs the users to visit a particular website which has been set for the updates of a particular information. This is related to the hold of the passwords, social security and other information which the user can easily steal and enter into the page. The scams are counted on the people with the suspension of the information with the brand spoofing or carding. Avtar, R., Verma, B., Jangra, A. (2011). Data Shield Algorithm (DSA) for Security against Phishing Attacks. Phishing has been considered to be the fraudulent activity which has been made through the leakage of the personal information. This usually comes when there is a loss of the information through a well organisation information pattern. The pattern is based on handling the links which directs to a particular website where there is a need of a particular information. The possibility of the phishing email are the generic greeting, forged links or the requests of the access of some personal information with the sense of urgency. Lakshmi, V. S., Vijaya, M. S. (2012). Efficient prediction of phishing websites using supervised learning algorithms.Procedia Engineering,30, 798-805. CIA Triad CIA triad for the information security system is mainly to provide a proper baseline for evaluating and implementing the confidentiality which ensure that the data is accessed by a proper authorised person. The integrity assures that the information is completely trusted with the data encryption and hashing of the algorithms. The availability is also depending upon handling the maintenance of the hardware with the software upgradation as well as the optimisation of the network pattern. Baars, T., Spruit, M. (2012). Designing a secure cloud architecture: The SeCA model.International Journal of Information Security and Privacy (IJISP),6(1), 14-32. The confidentiality, integrity and the availability is based on holding the information of the security issues where the different measures are able to protect the valuable information like the business information, personal information. This has been to develop the security measures through an explored term of the information protection which allows the authorisation of the people in order to access the information Deepika, S., Pandiaraja, P. (2013, February). Ensuring CIA triad for user data using collaborative filtering mechanism. InInformation Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 925-928). IEEE. (2). Incident 1: Describe the incident(s) The incident has been related to the snapchat employee data leakage out of the following phishing attack. Snapchat has been seen to be completely famous for all its messages to disappear but nothing seems to remain constant. It was seen that the Snapchat payroll department was attacked by some isolated emails related to the phishing scam where the CEO was targeted. The focus was mainly on getting the payroll information of some current and the former employees. It had a problem of hacking in the past where the services leaked certain photos from the users where the compromise was only based on handling the data effectively. a. When did it happen? The event took place in February 2016. b. What is the damage/loss like? The damage was mainly relating to the phishing of the emails where the CEO e-mailed the payroll information of the company on that email ID. This included the revealing of the data related to the salary, security number of the company, banking details, addresses as well as the other emails and the personal ID of the people who are using the Snapchat Application. c. Why did the breach happen? This breach of data was mainly due to the corporate hacking and the theft of information. This completely occupied the scale of the hack which was unprecedented along with putting into the public forum for the exposure of the personal information and the data. d. How did the breach happen? Phishing of the emails is possible when there is an acquiring of the sensitive information like the usernames, passwords and the other details of the bank. This causes the malicious reasons for the loss of the information from the system. Phishing has been seen to be the continuous threat for the people as the hackers are able to create a particular clone of the website. Phishing has the ability to take the advantages of the trust of users who may not be able to tell about how many people visited the website or the programs which are used. The target is set under the hold of the passwords, usernames and other security codes. Phishing on AOL has been considered to send the messages instantly to the victim where there is a reveal of the passwords. This is based on handling the origination of the attacks against all the online payments of the systems which are completely feasible. e. Who are involved in these incidents? The people who are involved in this are the employees, the company CEO and the customers whose details are shared with the anonymous person and the hacker. Propose prevention For this, there is a need to learn how to identify the emails of phishing as they are able to duplicate the image of the real company. It is important to check the major source of information from where the mails are coming. It is never advisable to go to the website of the banks by clicking on the links which have been included in the emails. A major need is to enhance the computer security with the sense of the system upgradation. It is always advisable to check the accounts which pertains to the periodic information of all the irregularities in the transactions. The phishing is able to know all the languages and they are poorly written or translated which is a major indication of some problem. There is a possibility of having the slightest doubt with no risks it factors. Incident 2: a. Describe the incident(s) The android have been targeting a larger number of the cyber criminals and it seems that they have been moving to the IOS devices as well. The major threat/vulnerability that could be seen was the MASQUE ATTACK with the replacement of the trusted applications. The access of the devices have been made by fooling the users to download and install all the applications on the Iphone with certain tainted messages. This will direct to replacement of the different legitimate applications or the social networking applications. With the globalised acts it has been seen that there are different parts of the systems which direct to the damages of certain records. b. When did it happen? The event took place in August 2015. c. What is the damage/loss like? The focus of the MASQUE attack has been on all the IO with the PC security setup. There have been attacks in the series with the rapid adoption of covering and targeting the IOS malware. The weapons have been relative to the improper functioning of the different normalised versions set to handle the exfiltration of different data communication. The major impact has been on the mimic of the original application to login and access the sensitive data from the local cache. This has been performed in the background which monitors the device of the users along with gaining the root privilege of the IOS device. d. Why did the breach happen? There were vulnerabilities which allowed the attack of the CVE-2015-3722/3725 and CVE-2015-3725. These are set under the Manifest and Extension Masque which is directing to the demolishing of the different applications. The IOS is seen to be not set for a authorisation and coordination of different applications. Apple holds the applications where the system is not completely defenceless over the remote systems that are associated to the PC. e. How did the breach happen? The assessment is based on the login interface which is able to hold the information gaining the root benefits of the IOS gadgets which can easily break the restrictions from the app container. The vulnerabilities on the IOS 8.4 can easily cause the injection attack of the untrusted code with the replacement of the plugins of VPN. f. Who are involved in these incidents? The people involved in this incident have been the people who are using the Apple Iphone, Employees as well as the hackers who are successful to break into the system for stealing the information. This is only possible when the hackers are able to flash some special offers on the page and force the users to download them. Propose prevention The solution for this could be to protect the phone from the installation of the applications other from the Apple official App store. It is never recommended to install from the third party pop up while viewing a particular web page. This shows that the IOS has been under the Untrusted App Developer Alert which needs to be uninstalled immediately.

Nutrition and Aging free essay sample

This article covers some reasons of eating healthy as we age due to changes occurring slowly over time in all the body systems. These changes are influenced by life events, illnesses, genetic traits and socioeconomic factors. It is noted, while we age, we lose lean body mass. This reduced muscle mass includes skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and muscle that slow down vital organ function, with loss of cardiac muscle perhaps the most critical. Cardiac capacity can be reduced and cardiac function impaired by chronic diseases such as hypertension or diabetes. Changes also occur in the kidneys, lungs and liver, and hamper the bodies’ ability to generate new protein tissue. Plus, aging can slow the immune systems response in making antibodies furthermore, loss of lean body mass also means reduced body water for 72 percent of total body water is in lean muscle tissue. Accordingly, while we age, body fat increases more so from consuming too many calories. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition and Aging or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nutrition can be a factor in all of the changes noted above. However, the slowing of the normal action of the digestive tract plus general changes have the most direct effect on nutrition. Digestive secretions diminish, although enzymes remain adequate. Adequate dietary fiber, as opposed to increased use of laxatives, will maintain regular bowel function and not interfere with the digestion and absorption of nutrients, which is what often occurs with laxative use or abuse. Calorie needs change due to more body fat and less lean muscle. Less activity can further decrease calorie needs. The challenge for the elderly is to meet the same nutrient needs as when they were younger, yet consume fewer calories. The answer to this problem is to choose foods high in nutrients in relation to their calories. Such foods are considered nutrient-dense. For example, low-fat milk is more nutrient dense than regular milk. Its nutrient content is the same, but it has fewer calories because it has less fat. It also becomes more important that diets contain enough calcium, fiber, iron, protein, and the vitamins A, C, D and that supplements are added if they are not consuming enough from their regular diet. As we age, water is still quite necessary, even though it appears we are drying up from the inside out, we need to drink plenty of liquids throughout the day,

Allegory of the Cave and Narrator free essay sample

As the philospoher Seneca once said, â€Å"It is the power of the mind to be unconquerable. † Raymond Carver’s Cathedral is a story about a man who started out as a closed-minded man but, throughout the story his character changes as he begins to bond with his wife’s friend, Robert, a man who is blind. Plato’s Allegory of the cave is a story about a prisoner who is freed from being locked in chains living all of his life underground and finding out a different perspective about a lie he’s been living his whole life, being told as a conversation between Socrates and Glaucon. In the stories, â€Å" Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, and â€Å" Allegory of the Cave† by Plato, both authors argue that a person’s reality is not always what is seems to be. In â€Å" Cathedral,† Raymond Carver uses irony between the narrator and Robert when they talk about the cathedral. We will write a custom essay sample on Allegory of the Cave and Narrator or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The narrator tries to explain how a cathedral looks like with words when he says â€Å" To begin with, they’re very tall. I was looking around the room for clues. They reach way up. Up and up. Toward the sky. They’re so big, some of them, they have to have these supports. To help hold them up, so to speak† to Robert who is blind and can’t really apprehend what is being said. (Carver, page 24, lines 448-451). Until Robert asks to be drawn a cathedral when he says â€Å" Hey, listen to me. Will you do me a favor? I got an idea. Why don’t you find us a pen and some heavy paper. Go on, bub, get the stuff† the narrator realizes that Robert sees by touching around the paper. (Carver, page 25, lines 492-495). What the narrator doesn’t understand is that the blind man can’t see what he sees even though he thinks that by describing with words about how a cathedral looks, helps. The irony Carver is trying to show is that the narrator is the one who is blind, not Robert, because he perceives his reality to be similar to Roberts but instead really isn’t. In â€Å" Allegory of the cave† Plato uses metaphor about the message that is being compared to an imaginary prisoner’s life. Socrates explains to Glaucon â€Å" Behold! Human beings living in a underground cave, which has a mouth open towards the light and reaching all along the cave; here they have been from their childhood, and have their legs and neck chained so that they cannot move, and can only see before them, being prevented by the chains from turing round their heads. Above and behind them a fire is blazing at a distance, and between the fire and the prisoners there is a raised way; and you will see, if you look, a low wall built along the way, like the screen which marionette players have in front of them, over which they show the puppets† to imagine a person who is living a certain kind of way for a long period of time. (Plato, page 8, lines 5-14). Then they are told that what they are living is a lie when Socrates says â€Å" And now look again, and see what will naturally follow if the prisoners are released and disabused of their error. At first, when any of them is liberated and compelled suddenly to stand up and turn his neck round and wlak and look towards the light, he will suffer sharp pains; the glare will distrees him, and he will be unable to see the realities of which in his former state he had seen the shadows; and then conceive some one saying to him, that what he saw before was an illusion, but that now, when he is approaching nearer to being and his eye is turned towards more real existence, he has a clearer vision, -what will be his reply? † (Plato, pages 8-9. Lines 42-51). Socrates then says â€Å" And if he is compelled to look straight at the light, will he not have a pain in his eyes which will make him turn away and take in the objects of vision which he can see, and which he will conceive to be in reality clearer than the things which are now being shown to him† to explain that the prisoner will want to believe what he is already accustomed not to what has just been told to him. (Plato, page, lines 57-61). The metaphor that the story compares to is a prisoners life and perspective of reality, once you are told that the way you have been living for your whole life is wrong, you are most likely to be scared of the truth that has just been told to you since the reality that you have been living isn’t what it seems to be. In both stories, â€Å" Cathedral† by Raymond Carver and â€Å" Allegory of the cave† by Plato, both authors use imagery to descibe how the characters in the story are lead to a new reality that has been bestow upon them. In â€Å" Cathedral† the narrator learns the way Robert sees things when he says â€Å" He ran his fingers over the paper. He went up and down the sides of the paper. The edges, even the edges. He fingered the corners. All right, he said. All right, let’s do her. He found my hand with the pen. He closed his hand over my hand. Go ahead, bub, draw, he said. Draw. You’ll see. I’ll follow along with you. It’ll be okay. Just begin now like I’m telling you. You’ll see. Draw, the blind man said. † (Carver, page 26, lines 508-514). Carver reveals that by being very desciptive using imagery, the reader can understand how the narrator is getting really tense in a good way when he is shown that his perspective of reality of blind people just being blind and nothing else is about to change. In â€Å" Allegory of the cave† the prisoner is being taken to see a new perspective of the way he used to think when Socrates says â€Å" And suppose once more, that he is reluctantly dragged up a steep and rugged ascent, and held fast until he’s forced into the presence of the sun himslef, is he not likely to be pained and irritated? When he approaches the light his eyes will be dazzled, and he will not be able to see anything at all of what are now called realities. † (Plato, page 9, lines 63-68). Plato shows that by using imagery in his story, people can notice that the prisoner is in a lot of pain when he is being shown that his perspective of reality of the shadows being his reality is about to change for the rest of his life. In both stories â€Å" Cathedral† and â€Å" Allegory of the cave† both charcters of the story are being shown a different way of thinking. This new way of thinking evolved them into a better self being. Both charcters, the narrator and the prisoner were challeneged into a new way of thinking, both stuck to it till the end, and both became more of a fulfilled person.

Top 5 Jobs in 2017 That Dont Require a College Degree

Top 5 Jobs in 2017 That Dont Require a College Degree when you’re looking for a job, you may see the same theme over and over: bachelor’s degree required; associate’s degree, minimum. if you don’t happen to have that degree in hand, it can be very disheartening. you know you have valuable skills and experience, but what will those get you if employers see that diploma as the baseline? don’t despair and resign yourself to a job or career you hate just because you think it’s your only option. we’re here to help you help you open doors and find a great job in the new year that works with the skills, experience, and goals you have. there are many jobs that don’t require a college degree. that being said, you can get a headstart on getting your gameplan in order for the coming year by taking a look at the information below. where do i start?of course, you can always just dive into job listings and start combing for jobs that don’t require a college degree. but it’s always a good idea to have an attack plan, if only to save yourself some time and aggravation as you get your hunt underway.get your resume together.a great resume is the entry point to any if you don’t have a degree, you should be packaging the skills and experience you do have, to package yourself as a superstar before you even start applying to jobs. we’ve got you covered on how to create your resume masterpiece:resume format guide: what your resume should look like in 2017the jobnetwork resume librarywhat is the best format for a resume?5 super tips on how to get your resume noticedavoid the resume black hole with these tipshow to create a resume packed with action words11 steps to writing the perfect resumethe ultimate resume guide for every job seeker5 things you should never put on your resumetarget your search.what are your interests, career-wise? do you already have particular skills or experience? use this information to figure out where you want to focus your job s earch.develop your skills.once you know where you want to focus your job search, make sure you have the skills necessary to succeed in that line of work. need to improve those typing skills? take a course! want to have a more solid understanding of how excel works? try an online tutorial. the more legwork and prep work you do up front, the better able you’ll be to package yourself for a given job opportunity.if your chosen job path involves certification or some kind of educational/training requirement, now’s the time to start looking at what that means, and whether you’re willing (or able) to make that commitment.be prepared for the long haul.getting a job is never easy, and it can be even more challenging at times if you don’t have a degree. but remember that employers value skills and experience highly as well- the degree isn’t everything. it’s about packaging yourself, and not giving up, even when it seems like â€Å"degree requiredâ₠¬  is the common denominator in all of the job postings you’re seeing.let’s look at 5 top jobs you should be looking at if you’re looking for a new career path or job opportunity:vet assistantparamedicnursing assistanttruck driverinside sales representativeall of these can be great entries to a new industry or profession, and let you start building the skills and experience you need to make it your career.the healthcare industryhealthcare is booming, with no real end in sight for a few reasons, including that people are more health-minded these days than ever before, and the baby boomer generation is aging and needs diverse kinds of medical and wellness care. becoming a doctor or a nurse will always require advanced education, but there are lots of great healthcare jobs out there that require only a high school degree (plus possible job-specific training, which in many cases you can get on the job). let’s look at five of the top healthcare jobs for 2017: veterinary assistanthumans aren’t the only ones who need great healthcare. if you’ve always been more partial to animalkind, this could be the career path you’re seeking.the job: vet assistants, sometimes also known as laboratory animal caretakers, are responsible for the care and treatment of animals in a clinical setting- often either a veterinary practice or a lab setting. their duties might include feeding and weighing animals, monitoring their vital signs, making sure they have clean cages/spaces, and providing nursing care before or after procedures. they might also assist the veterinarian or vet technicians during surgery or other procedures.the pay: median salary of $24,360 per year, or $11.71 per hour, per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics.the requirements: high school diploma or equivalent, on-the-job training.the outlook: this field is expected to grow by at least 9% by 2024.interested in this growing profession? search veterinary assistant jobs in your area of the country!paramedicif you like bursts of adrenaline, are incredibly calm under pressure, and don’t pass out at the sight of blood, becoming a paramedic is a great option.the job: paramedics are first responders when anyone needs medical care. they’re sent by dispatchers to provide emergency medical care for accidents or acute illness, or to transport people to the hospital who unable to transport themselves.the pay: median salary of $24,360 per year, or $11.71 per hour, per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics.the requirements: high school diploma or equivalent, cpr training, plus certification and completion of a non-degree training program (typically less than 2 years).the outlook: this field is expected to grow by at least 24% by 2024.paramedics are always needed nationwide.  search paramedic jobs in your area of the country!nursing assistantnursing assistants provide very necessary care for patients, helping them with daily tasks to support recovery or independence.the job: nursing assistants, also called nursing aides, work in hospitals or long-term care facilities like rehabilitation centers or nursing homes. as part of the medical and nursing team, they provide basic care like assisting with feeding, bathing and other personal care tasks; monitoring vital signs; and ensuring patients take medication as prescribed.the pay: median salary of $25,710 per year, or $12.36 per hour, per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics.the requirements: high school diploma or equivalent, plus a training program. certified nursing assistants (cnas) will also need to meet additional licensing requirements.the outlook: this field is expected to grow by at least 17% by 2024.this career is definitely on the rise. if you want to hop on while it’s on the upswing, search nursing assistant  jobs in your area of the country!the logistics industrypeople in logistics are responsible for getting things done. whether that’s making sure goods get from point a to point b, or managing inventory with deadly precision, these roles often require specialized training, but are usually open to those without a degree.truck driveryou don’t need a degree to hit the open road- just a commercial driver’s license, a clean record of responsible driving, and a love for meeting demanding schedules. it’s not a glamorous job, but it’s a very necessary one for our commercial economy.the job: truck drivers are responsible for moving large, heavy loads from one place to another. with online sales and delivery booming, this is an especially necessary field. it can be solitary (it’s often just you, the radio, and the aforementioned open road), but it’s a job that allows you to travel, be creative on the fly when there are obstacles, and be fairly independent.the pay: median salary of $40,260 per year, or $19.36 per hour, per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics.the requirements: high school diploma or eq uivalent, plus a training program. many trucking companies offer on-the-job training. you will also need to have a commercial driver’s license (cdl) and a clean driving record.the outlook: this field is expected to grow by at least 5% by 2024.truck drivers are needed in many industries nationwide. search for truck driver jobs in your area of the country!  the sales customer service industrysales is a field where your people skills and experience tend to outweigh a college degree. the ability to connect with people and sell them successfully on a product is something that can’t necessarily be taught in a classroom. this is also an industry that continues growing all the time- and once you have sales skills, you can apply them to all different kinds of jobs.sales representativesales representatives are responsible for getting (and keeping) customers for their product.the job: sales representatives are tasked with selling products, yes, but they’re also the keep er of the customer relationship. a major part of this job is cultivating relationships, and providing stellar service to keep those relationships going. exact duties and responsibilities vary depending on which industry you’re in, but once you have the skill set, it’s highly adaptable throughout many industries.the pay: median salary of $ $75,666, or $36.37 per hour.the requirements: high school diploma or equivalent.the outlook: this field is expected to grow by at least 9% by 2024.sales reps are also needed nationwide, and the career is on the upswing.  search for sales representative jobs in your area of the country!  all of these industries are expected to grow in 2017, which offers great opportunity. if you’re looking to change jobs, or are just starting out, you don’t need to be scared away by listings that have a degree as the minimum barrier to entry. you have lots of opportunities open to you- you just need to come up with a plan of attack, a nd seize them

The European Union Law Overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The European Union Law Overview - Essay Example The essay "The European Union Law Overview" presents the analysis of the European Union structure and also its decision-making process. The Council of Ministers operates clandestinely and its functions, which are influenced by national and transnational parties, lack transparency and accountability. Decision-making is determined by qualified majority voting in the Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers is the most powerful institution in the European Union and comprises of envoys from the Member States of the EU. The European Parliament and the Council of Ministers enact the EU’s legislation. The Council decides issues either by qualified majority voting or by unanimity. Its presidency has a rotating tenure of six months. Although it does not formally comprise a component of the EU system, it has emerged as the cardinal institution of the EU. It organizes meetings between the heads of state and the representatives of the European Commission. Unlike the Council, the European Parliament is a supranational institution. The Council of Ministers has been accorded the status of the principal legislative body by the Treaties of the EU. Its importance stems from the fact that it constitutes the final decision-making authority. In the process of making policies, the Council relies on other institutions for assistance and direction. The EU is a novel political institution, consisting of intergovernmental elements in some issues, supranational in administrative matters and transnational in most domains.

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Political Science - Essay Example Under a conservative system, individuals are responsible for their own welfare and the state benefits from individual’s efforts, contributions, and interests. Conservatives do not believe in equality of citizens and equitable distribution of national resources since every individual is compensated according to their effort. Liberals believe that the government should set policies and regulations against gun ownership. Under this system, the government is responsible for individual’s security and, therefore gun ownership is unnecessary. The liberals argue that people commit crime due to social disparities that exist within our society. Thus, in a liberal state there will be social and economic stability enhanced by equitable distribution of resources. Such states will have minimal crime rates. On the other hand, the conservatives believe that citizens have the rights for gun ownership as provided for by the Second amendment. In a conservative system, individuals have the rights to defend themselves and prevent criminals from committing crime. They also believe that gun controls laws do not prevent criminals from obtaining weapons and using them to commit crime. Instead, they argue that the government should strengthen existing laws to prevent misuse of guns. [Source textbook and week 9 videos] 2#, US elections often divide the country into either blue or red states. The Republican Party is associated with the red state while the democrats are linked with color blue. The blue and red state ideology originates from the liberal and conservative ideologies whereby the democrats are considered as liberal while the republicans are considered conservatives. The red and blue states have their origin from the era of slavery. States that supported slavery remain under the republican ideologies while those that supported abolition of slavery support the right movement or they are the blue states. Blue states include New England and the Great

Third paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Third paper - Essay Example This is followed by a request, which shows that the speaker is down and ready to prostrate to her girlfriend as he asks â€Å"Shall I go down and bow, baby?† As a romantic song, the speaker goes on to praise his loved one, using romantic terms, descriptions and repetitions. This is a blues song, which doubles the traditional three lines to six lines in every stanza. The last line is a form of a question and the response is provided at the end of the song in a series of derivative three lines answer. The question repeated is ‘Shall I go down and bow, baby?† and at the end of the song, the speaker appears to have reached the end and resolves to answer his question because the referred and revered ‘baby’ seems to have answered in her acceptance and he derives; Shall I go down and bow, baby? I shall go down and bow, baby I am down and bowing baby Oh baby baby make you stay Baby ah baby oh baby I’m done! The pattern of this song is AbcdeB, AfghiBâ₠¬ ¦ and so on, with the first line and the last lines repeated. This pattern is regular and the blues lyrics have concentrated on the theme of love as the speaker tries to show his affection to his goddess, the valentine. The description of the ‘baby’ by the speaker is marked by repetitions. These repetitions are regular, and they make the rhythm of the song regular. In most of the stanzas, the first line and the last lines are repeated in a regular manner. This harmonizes the regular rhythm of the song. The last two stanzas are the conclusion of the song and the speaker consummates his dream of being granted a favour by his girlfriend as thus: Oh ah oh ah baby baby Baby oh baby stay baby My goddess baby, leave not baby oh baby baby Shall I go down and bow, baby? †¦ Shall I go down and bow, baby? I shall go down and bow, baby I am down and bowing baby Oh baby baby make you stay Baby ah baby oh baby I’m done! In this case, the song is conclusive and the clima x is reached when the instruments adopt the rhythm of the song in a unified manner. At the same time, the speaker is able to express his last passions and emotions for his girlfriend who has accepted his request. This song has a regular sound considering its regular rhythm. Being a romantic blues song, it will require soft beats and a mix of melodies. Therefore, the studio producing the song must refine and produce a soft symphony for the song at the start and at the end. The singer or the lead vocalist must be a man and should have a romantic, soft or mildly broken voice so as to exploit the overall theme of the song. This song should be started by a combination of a violin and a keyboard string tunes. Immediately the lead vocalist picks the first line, other instruments should pick and harmonize but should pause whenever the vocalist is picking the first line in every stanza. Moreover, instrumentation should also be toned down whenever the speaker is picking on the descriptive par ts so that the lead vocalist is above all the instruments. This will ensure the message is passed and the song is entertaining and moving as well. When the song is read in the lyrics, the reader is able to pick musical elements such as the tone of the song, the rhythm of the song and possible beat and meter of the lyrics. For example, the lyrics of this song requires a quadruple beat and regular dynamics in the loudness, volume and softness. On the other hand, if one listens to the song, he or she will notice by hearing, not

Reflective Practice and lifelong learning

Reflective Practice and lifelong learning Within this essay, the research will use Reflective Practice in a teaching experience. It will focus on The Community College Whitstable and the curriculum that the students experience. It will highlight the changes that have happened from the introduction of the National Curriculum to the present day, and how the curriculum ideologies, models and theories have shaped the education system in Britain. This essay will identify Reflective Practice and evaluate the different ideas from scholars and professions such as Schon and Brookfield. This essay will evaluate and develop understanding of assessments in Britains state education system and how it affects The Community College Whitstable. It will explore how self reflection in it truest sense progresses teachers in their understanding of both the curriculum and the students they teach. Incorporating a reflective practice in ones own professional teaching methods, would be one way to keep up with the ongoing appraisals that should occur in any professional set up or learning experience. One could describe reflection as looking back at past teaching experiences, either good or bad, and determining whether the experience could have been better managed or taught. There is a clear distinction between thinking and reflecting. Thinking could be associated with a problem and solution where as reflecting may not have an absolute end result. Working as a teacher in a secondary school poses many problems, and many questions that are very rarely answered. The problem that surfaces with the idea of reflecting on ones own practice is that we as teachers are not given the time, or the motivation to reflect more often, or more deeply into our methods, teaching styles or delivery of the curriculum. The introduction of standardisation by way of the National Curriculum towards the en d of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s by the Conservative Government, has taken away the power from the individual teacher in deciding what is important. It could be argued it has reduced the teacher to nothing more than a messenger of a state controlled curriculum. It also suggests a hidden agenda. Neary,M (2002) highlights the hidden curriculum and the attitude towards education and the function a school should play in preparing people for society. Neary,M (2002,p45) states Lynch 1989(1989,p3): The particular social relations they deem important in the reproductive process are principally the hierarchical division of labour between teachers and learners, the alienated character of learners school work itself, and the fragmentation in work reflected in the institutionalised and often destructive competition among learners through continual and ostensibly meritocratic ranking and evaluation. Neary,M argues that writers such as Bowles and Gintis have made connections with a capitalist society and how this is reflected in the school system. It is important to reflect on the curriculum one teaches and who decides what is Really Useful Knowledge and how socially effective this is for the learners that we teach. The curriculum that is offered at The Community College Whitstable is GCSES in all the core subjects, BTEC in Construction, Physical Education, Science, Drama, Science, Music, Business Studies, Travel and Tourism, Design and Technology, NVQ in Hairdressing, professional qualifications in Motor Vehicles (IMA and ABC) and A Levels. Students at The Community College Whitstable are increasingly becoming familiar with BTEC rather than the traditional GCSES which are favoured by most Grammar and the top tier of other State schools. The reasoning for this could be that state education is undergoing huge fundamental changes through political and ideological mindsets. The Nati onal Curriculum was sought to increase the students learning, the House of Commons fourth report states (2008, p10): This document essentially identified four broad purposes; introducing an entitlement for pupils to a broad and balanced curriculum; setting standards for pupil attainment and to support school accountability; improving continuity and coherence within the curriculum, and aiding public understanding of the work of school: The school state system has now moved on more than a decade since that pledge and is currently at the centre of a political overhaul. The Community College Whitstable is entering more students onto the BTEC programmes than ever before. Through reflection of the stance and vision that the school is taking, and with regards to the increased flexibility of the school curriculum programme, one could see that schools such as The Community College Whitstable are increasingly struggling to compete on national and local terms through GSES results. Therefore turning to BTECs is a way to increase students results and move up the league tables. The popularity with BTECs are that they are all coursework driven and this does give them an advantage over GCSES which are part coursework, and part end of year exam towards final marks. The coursework is internally marked and externally verified, students who would not have had any chance of getting good results through GSESs, stand a better chance wit h BTECs (possibly getting 4 GSSEs at A* C grade on another subject.)The Community College Whitstable has been excellent in implementing the previous Governments call for Vocationalism and Diversity in the curriculum but is that all about to change with the new Coalition Government. It is important to reflect on ones teaching of the curriculum, knowledge, delivery, learning styles and methods, if we are to progress and grow as a teacher or facilitator. At present there are no school guidelines to become a Reflective Practitioner but there have been many authors and professionals that have laid down models for reflective practice to be incorporated into the curriculum. Brookfield,S states ( 1995 p29 ): We have available four lenses through which we can view our teaching. These lenses are represented by the four arrows in figure 2.1. They are (1) our autobiographies as teachers and learners, (2) our students eyes, (3) our colleagues experiences, and (4) theoretical literature. Viewing what we do through these different lenses alerts us to distorted or incomplete aspects of our assumptions that need further investigation. For example using a challenging student as a case study who attends the vocational centre is a good way to reflect on Brookfields lenses. The student that I have identified has had domestic problems and personal problems that stem from his home life. The student has a low academic ability and falls into the category of additional extra needs, which would have been recorded on his data from assessments conducted in key stage two and three. I believe this student suffers from low self esteem and confidence which reflects his aggressive nature towards education and superiors such as teachers and people in authority. The student was pushed into the vocational centre because of stereotyping and the low criteria needed to enrol on the courses at the vocational centre at The Community College Whitstable. Taking this into consideration and seeing it from the students eyes would help all teachers deal with his/her challenging behaviour with greater empathy and compassion, and in turn this wou ld enable us to tackle these problems with greater knowledge. A minority of students may have an awful home situation and life in a social environment that does not promote learning. Students may be come to school with that baggage of home life and may suffer from a lack of confidence through low academic ability. Seeing this situation from a students point of view should encourage us as teachers to be more thoughtful and tactful when dealing with certain students. From my experience of working and teaching at The Community College Whitstable, the students who chose vocational courses are generally lower ability students. Although there are some exceptions to this, and there will always be students who opt for vocational course who are academically bright. Students that are on the Construction courses at The Community College Whitstable may have problems that range from behavioural, social and academic through to the medical and physical. Through my experience as a teacher, communic ator or facilitator I have always relied on my autobiographical learning, for example, teaching students carpentry and joinery through my own good experience as an apprentice and then going on to study at college. This reflection into my past experiences has helped me to become a more rounded and competent teacher of the skills of a crafts that goes back many centuries. I believe that all teachers should use their autobiographical learning in their teaching because we can all remember the good teachers or the good instructors and employers. Our autobiography should form the foundation of our teaching methods and styles. Peer assessment is a crucial part of a teachers learning experience either informal or formal, both of these tools are equally important. Teaching on the BTEC Level 2 Construction course involves two members of staff and each member has equal responsibility to internally verify each others work. Fifty per cent of all students work will need to be cross referenced and internally verified. There are regular team meetings and departmental meetings on marking, students performance, attendance and behaviour. These meetings have always been a good way to pass on shared knowledge and to exchange ideas and beliefs on the best ways of teaching. Informal feedback from ones colleagues can be just as effective, for example asking a colleague to come into a class to observe a particular part of the lesson can provide us with greater knowledge of the situation. By simply asking other teachers how they deal with problem students can solve the mystery. From my experience a colleague had advised me to make up a seating plan at the beginning of the lesson to combat bad behaviour. The idea is that you have already taken control of the situation and the student understands this and responds accordingly. To this day the strategy has worked. Understanding how and why students behave in a manner requires understanding of human needs, this may not come naturally to most of us, but the ability to reflect and to research is a tool all teachers have at their disposal. Completion of the Certificate of Education course in previous years and now studying the BA Hons in Lifelong Learning, has put me on a learning curve using theoretical literature that I am still researching and trying to comprehend. This research into curriculum ideology, curriculum change, knowledge of education etc. suggests that education is not what it seems but a smokescreen for competing egos and polices from political parties at the helm of the countrys future. Brookfields Lenses challenges us to move away from our point of view and to take onboard other interferences that may or may not make a students progress or fail. Brookfield highlights the complexities of how we learn, and how the learning environment is always affected by more than one issue. By becoming a Reflective Practitioner it can help one understand the problems that arise from the problems teachers face. Brookfield identifies Reflective Practice as a way in which teachers can make sense of the education system and the political intrusions that occur in the curriculum. He suggests that through critical reflection we find our footing and are then able to have an openness that benefits both students and teacher. The students can be very challenging and will all have their own set of issues to deal with as outlines above. Using Brookfields Four Lenses to deal with a challenging student would be one way of discovering the true art of pedagogical teaching. Reflective Practice thro ugh Brookfields model would be beneficial when one encounters a difficult day. Peer evaluation forms an important role in our teaching methods, Brookfield highlight this in his Four Lenses and states (1995, p35) Our colleagues serve as critical mirrors reflecting back to us images of our actions that often take us by surprise. As they describe their own experiences dealing with the same crises and dilemmas we face, we are able to check, reframe and broaden our own theories of practice. This discovery through other teachers who deal with the same problem students is very important for a teacher to progress, and move on in their pursuit of becoming a competent teacher. Brookfields fourth lense focuses on theoretical literature whereby teachers and lecturers should read more about the processes of learning theory and research. Brookfield states (1995, p37): Reading a theoretical analysis that offers an alternative interpretive framework for a situation can be life saving or at least, career saving. Critical theory may help us realize, for example, that students disinterest is the predictable consequence of a system that forces people to study disconnected chunks of knowledge at a pace prescribed by curriculum councils and license bodies. Theoretical literature is covered by the leadership team at The Community College Whitstable in Staff Development evenings. From my experience this literature is used to justify their strategy rather than to professionally develop a teachers mind. Theoretical literature can help teachers to allay their fears and seek assurances from other professionals outside their working environment. Unfortunately too few teachers actively read theoretical literature on pedagogical teaching, from my experience reading and studying literature on behaviour has been a great source of encouragement. Brookfield points out that the reasoning for this is that the studies carried out about teaching in theoretical books are always written by academics and not teachers. The previous Government had realised this, the fourth report on the National Curriculum states (2008, p32): At the same time, teachers need to be given a stronger sense that their own innovations in pedagogy can be valued. There is considerable support for the introduction of some form of pedagogic bank developed by teachers for teachers. In order for teachers to become a Reflective Practitioner or teacher they would have to question the basis of the Curriculum and the hierarchical institution that administers it. This would bring them in direct conflict with the whole school system and the powers that control the system, both centrally through government, and directly through the senior management of the school. This theory of questioning the core values of an educational institution goes against the National Curriculum set up under the Conservative Government, where teacher control and powers are limited. In a world where we are now used to following the rules and codes of organisations the true spirit of people power has been born out of us through Capitalism, Globalisation and dominance. If one was to take onboard reflective teaching and use it as part of the curriculum timetabling it would help us to become better teachers and this would help us teach students what we think is important to them in the outside wor ld. Schon, D (1995, p332) argues: What happens in such an educational bureaucracy when a teacher begins to think and act not as technical expert but as reflective practitioner? Her reflection- in-action poses a potential threat to the dynamically conservative system in which she lives. As mentioned earlier the hidden curriculum has many agendas, ever since the introduction of free state schooling in the 1940s the issue has always been what should the students learn and why. Education was seen to be a way to move a nation on from the traumas of the World War and the depths of despair. The Education Minister at the time was R. A. Butler. In a draft white paper (1943, pp182) he stated: The new educational opportunities must not, therefore, be of a single pattern. Schools and courses must be available to suit the needs and aptitudes of different types of pupil or student. It is just as important to achieve diversity as it is to ensure equality of educational opportunity. Although the Government were not directly involved in educational curriculum there was a firm directive from the Government. Scholars throughout history have identified learning models and theories, armitage et al (2003) identified five Models of Educational Ideologies: Classical Humanism, Liberal Humanism, Progressivism, Instrumentalism and Reconstructionism. Armitage argues that we as teachers need to understand these ideologies in order to take them on board and through this knowledge we as teachers can set the learning experience for our students. Out of the five ideologies Reconstructionism seems the furthest away from our educational system and would suit the Developing World who need ideologies to pull themselves out of economical turmoil. Neary,M (2002) suggests that the Liberal Humanist ideology has been the most relevant since the industrialised west evolved. Neary argues that this ideology had favoured the private and higher classed schools such as the Grammar schools but not the State schools. Tony Blairs New Labour Government and the educational ideology could be coined with instrumentalism. The educational policies under Blair such as the Leitch Report (2006) are in keeping with the instrumentalism armitage et al states (2003, p209): The instrumental curriculum sees knowledge in factual terms and is clearly lecturer/teacher/trainer led. Thus, through instrumentalism education and training students are preparing themselves for their roles in the workplace and in society as a whole. This instrumentalism has had a major effect on state schools such as The Community College Whitstable because since New Labour, Vocationalism has made its way into Secondary schools and is now part of the curriculum for fourteen year olds. It remains to be seen whether the new Coalition Government are prepared to carry on these ideologies or follow another path. In a perfect world the educational ideology would be Progressivism Armitage et al states (2003, p208): The curriculum would be based around active problem-solving in a variety of social contexts and be constructed of topics which interested and challenged students (learning from experience) with the aim that people would learn how to think for themselves, make decisions, cooperate and participate as makers of a democratic society. The problem that has arisen in the curriculum today is that students are being spoon fed the information and that they cannot think for themselves. This is the result of the curriculum being too narrow and too focussed on good result and attainment rather than students growth. In order for our society or political organisations to decide the fate of our education system or the role it plays in how the students will be taught, curriculum research is carried out to ascertain the end goal. Neary, M (2002) has highlighted two curriculum models the Product Model and the Process Model. The Product Model is linked with behaviour and Neary, M (2002, p60) cites Tyler (1949); 1. What are the aims and objectives of the curriculum? 2. Which learning experiences meet these aims and objectives? 3. How can the extent to which these aims and objectives have been met be evaluated? 4. How can these learning experiences be organised? Under this model each question will need to be answered in order for the development of the curriculum to be successful and achieve the goals and outcomes intended. According to Neary the model was not without its critics based solely on the thought that a curriculum can not be based on Behaviourism. Armitage et al states there was an alternative model for curriculum development, the Process Model (2003, p203): This is an approach to curriculum which is interested in the processes and procedures of learning so that the learner is able to use and develop the content, not simply receive it passively. Neary,M states the Process Model focuses on (2002,p61): Teacher activities (and therefore the teachers role), student and learner activities (perhaps the most important feature), the conditions in which the learning takes place. Students on the BTEC level 2 Construction courses at The Community College Whitstable will have a varying degree of both models in the course aims and objectives and the structure and delivery of the content material and assessments. The BTEC Level 2 Construction courses will already have predetermined aims and outcomes in which the learner will have to meet to satisfy the awarding body, if they are to achieve the qualification, this type of curriculum falls in line with the Product Model. The BTEC does allow for some autonomy of the teachers because the modules or units will have to be personally written by the teacher or lecturer for the students to complete. This does reflect part of the Process Model but the self written units and delivery of the units have specific guidelines laid down by BTEC Edexcel. Curriculum change and the ideology behind it are very important when considering a wholesale change of the National Curriculum for schools in Britain. With the introduction of new qualifications, the assessment of that is fundamentally important to the success and the longevity of the new set up. Knight, J Minister of state schools (14-19) states (2008, p1): Many schools are already seeing the benefits of using assessment for learning practices and resources, but I want all schools to have access to high-quality training and support so that assessment for learning can be embedded in all classrooms. The previous Labour Government had targeted assessment as the way forward for schools to tackle students failings. According to the department for Children, Schools and Families (2008) the assessment for learning championed by Labour would enable students, teachers, parents and schools to know how the student is performing, where they should be and how they are going to achieve a satisfactory level of performance. For schools this meant that the structure would be transparent for all to see. For teachers they would now have a foundation to work from and be able to test students intermittently against the agreed assessments and criteria that are laid down by Government bodies. There are many ways to test students ranging from summative testing (end of year exams), to formative testing: this could be conducted in the classroom and workshops, and initial testing which would be carried out at the beginning of the course. The core question that needs to be answered when assessing is, are the means of testing reliable and valid? Armitage et al (2003, p 157) states: A valid assessment method is one which tests whether the aims and objectives of a learning experience have been achieved. The BTEC level 2 Construction course that is taught at The Community College Whitstable has various forms of assessment in order for the student to complete the units for that particular course. Currently students will have to pass six units in which three are theory units, and three are practical units. The theory units are taught on a modular basis, once the student has completed one unit they move onto the next one. The units are broken down into three smaller chunks of assessment so that it is easier for the students to digest and apply themselves and progress through the grading system. The grading systems start with a pass and then move onto a merit and finally a distinction. This kind of assessment follows the criterion referenced route of assessments, the students will have a set of questions and each question will have pass, merit or distinction attached to it. The students can elaborate on their answers and achieve a higher score or grade. The marked work is then marked by the assessor and then internally verified by a colleague teaching the same course. This is essential for the assessment process to be made valid and reliable. The practical elements of the BTEC level 2 Construction course are marked by the assessor as soon as the students has achieved the aim, which could range from building a Flemish Bond wall, making a panel door or preparing and painting a booth. The teacher (assessor) will instantly mark their piece of work in line with the course specification and grade the students a fail, pass, merit or distinction. This assessment is in keeping with a competence based formula which is similar with NVQs. There have been criticisms of this kind of competence based testing Armitage et al (2003, p166) states: Some argue that a competence-based system makes learning assessment-led. That is, for students at least, one eye is always on the competencies that have yet to be awarded and the entire course of study the becomes skewed towards ticking off such competencies. The students at The Community College Whitstable could identify with this criticism as we as teachers are pushed to increase achievements and pass qualifications rather than making sure that the student is ready equipped for the outside world. Assessment strategies and the reliability and validity have become an issue with new Coalition Government. An independent review conducted by Sir Richard Sykes (2010p3) states; There is an obsession with measurement, setting quantitative targets and compiling league tables, as though what cannot be measured numerically has no value and should have no place in education. Yet the best things in education often cannot readily be measured in this way. Dockrell and Black (1980) pick up on this theme of validity and reliability but their focus is assessment in the affective domain. Dockrell and Black (1980) argue that this kind of assessment is beneficial for the success of the students progression in their educational experience. Assessing someones welfare and preparing lessons to accommodate all students sat in front of them is part of the student centred curriculum at The Community College Whitstable. Teachers are expected to write reports three times a year on every child they teach assessing both ability and attitude although this does not go towards their final grade it can act as a tool to assess the students progress. Every child must be taught to the best of their ability is the mantra at the college. Although I do not agree with the current education system in Britain one hundred per cent, there seem to be very little alternative. The eleven plus test that is conducted in the Kent District is designed to split the brighter students from the less academic to the gain of the Grammar schools. This kind of assessment has a huge effect on all secondary schools in Kent, especially The Community College Whitstable who will have to select students that have failed or are not eligible. The Tomlinson report (2004) had promised or set out a new curriculum and assessment that would have revolutionised our state education. The report had identified that GCSEs and ALevels needed to be reformed as well as vocational education for fourteen year olds. Unfortunately, the reform did not transform the education system but was only brought in a watered downed level. Sir Richard Sykes (2010, p3) argues: We therefore present a discussion and a set of recommendations which if adopted would, we believe, help to redress the balance between education and assessment. The new specification for all BTEC courses has been renewed as of September 2010, this follows a whole shake up of the QCA framework and the governing bodies that preside over the direction of our qualification system in Britain. It remains to be seen whether this will bring the change that will bridge the gap between students progress and an education system that is envied throughout the world. In conclusion Reflective Practice enables one to view their professional role as a teacher and within society. It is important that we as teachers and professionals encourage students to achieve all that they can in the education system and to become life long learners. It is important that we encourage students to not only learn what the curriculum has offered them but to extend their learning. The essay has researched the curriculum of The Community College Whitstable and how it has adapted to the changes of a tiered school system through league tables and assessments such as the Eleven Plus. Schools such as The Community College Whitstable will have to continually surpass their expectations if they are to survive in this Capitalist State System. Brookfields Four Lenses is an important starting point for reflection in ones own professional practice and this can put the teacher/professional onto the road of true satisfaction of ones own practice. Curriculum ideologies have played an important part in Britain and the Worlds education system. This essay has focussed on instrumentalism and how this affects The Community College Whitstable and how it has played an important part in Britains Education System. This essay has identified and developed a knowledge and understanding of assessments in our State Education System. It has identified how these assessments are being used in a vocational sense through BTEC qualifications at The Community College Whitstable. It is important to understand Britains education system, ideologies and fundamental beliefs as this will enable the teacher to progress and to make sense of educational change. Schools such as The Community College Whitstable have benefited from ideology, political intrusion and curriculum development because more students are now entering sixth form and going on to university or higher education than ever before. Schools play an important part when educating the student and the local community, it is the s tart of lifelong learning for some students. Comparing the education system of the 1970s to the present day, students have a greater advantage because schools are now set up to benefit the student. The Community College Whitstable offers a vast range of qualifications that would be the envy of many countries.

The Splendid Little War :: essays papers

The Splendid Little War February 15th, 1898, all is quiet in Havana Harbor. The crew of the USS Maine is sound asleep less a few solitary watchmen. The brackish sea air and the calm ocean breeze are soothing and peaceful. This would hardly suggest the terror about to erupt on this â€Å"peaceful† visit to the Spanish-controlled Cuban harbor. At 9:45PM, a violent explosion rips the Maine apart sending it plummeting down to the muddy sea floor and killing nearly all of her crew. All of the Spanish boats in the harbor rushed to the aid of the American vessel and its survivors: the commander, Captain Charles D. Sigsbee, and a few lucky crewmembers. Even though Captain Sigsbee, a favorite of the Naval Department, urged President McKinley not to react in an aggressive manner toward Spain, the media, namely New York newspaper editors Pulitzer and Hearst, already inflating current issues relating to the Cuban revolution, spin the incident out of control. The American public goes mad with suspicion of Spanish fowl play and the sinking of the USS Maine serves as the immediate catalyst to the Spanish-American war. This â€Å"Splendid Little War† is deeply rooted in Spain’s rule over Cuba as a colony infringing upon American interests in Cuban agriculture and goods. The first episodes of war-like acts between the U.S. and Spain began with the explosion of the USS Maine in 1898. After the catastrophe, many attempts to solve the mystery behind the explosion and withhold peace took place, including the ambassadors of England, Germany, France, Italy, Austria, Russia, and the Pope appealing to president McKinley for peace. Despite numerous efforts against it, McKinley asks congress for war April 11, 1898 and U.S. troops mobilized on April 16. The Teller amendment passes through Congress stating that the U.S. would not annex Cuba. Congress declares Cuba independent on April 19. Shortly after the United States Navy blockades Cuba the first Spanish ship was taken. By April 25, both Spain and the U.S. declare war. The Spanish-American War was an extremely quick war, highlighted in history by Theodore Roosevelt and his Rough Riders in the battle of San Juan Hill. Spain was completely stomped. On the way to capture the Philippine Islands, Spain’s most worthwhile colony U.S. Naval forces also capture Guam. Closer to home, the U.

Ideals and Values for 12th Century Medieval Aristocrats

Chrà ©tien de Troyes’ Lancelot: The Knight of the Cart, told a tale of a mighty knight. It has the air, to us, of fable. It was of fabrication as two cults of the time, courtly love and honor, dominated the story. These cults were parts of a set of medieval aristocratic ideals and values. Within this set, the cults had supportive notions of hospitality, oaths, service, and military prowess. Courtly love pushed the tale into existence when Lancelot stepped onto the cart and courtly love pushed the tale to completion with the death of Meleagant at the hands of Lancelot. Lancelot put into motion these actions. Lancelot’s love for Queen Guinevere bound him to honorable displays of his devotion to her.Chrà ©tien’s tale began with Meleagant’s appearance at King Arthur’s court at Camelot. He informed King Arthur that :â€Å"†¦King,If you have a single knightIn this court of yours you can trustTo take your queen to the woods,Where I’ll be goi ng when I’m finishedHere, then I’ll agreeTo let him have those prisonersI’ve got in my dungeons, providedHe can defeat me in battle,It being understoodThat possession of your queen is the prizeFor victory.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (lines 69-80).Those at court did not immediately secure the return of the Queen. She was gone. Chrà ©tien soon related how a knight (Lancelot) jumped into a cart driven by a dwarf. Those having committed criminal or despicable acts occupied such a cart in those days. Lancelot entered the cart since the dwarf promised to later reveal the whereabouts of the Queen. Chrà ©tian noted :†¦and the knightFollowed along behindFor several steps, not climbingRight up. But his hesitant shameWas wrong. †¦(360-364).This delay on the part of Lancelot came back to thwart his efforts when he had gotten the release of the Queen from her captor. She said :â€Å"Indeed? Didn’t the cartShame you the least little bit?You must have hesitated,For you lingered a good two steps.And that, you see, was my soleReason for ignoring your presence.†Ã‚   (4491-4496).This rigidity characterized the cult of honor as exemplified by Lancelot’s actions. If an affair of honor came about, then the knight must perform in the honorable way. Yet there were levels of honor as when Meleagant, described as a pitiless brave fool, subscribed to a higher honor of battling Lancelot at King Arthur’s court in a year’s time and agreed to forgo combat at an earlier time (3886-3895).Chrà ©tien saw that honor in service to love ignored common sense and reason. Reason did not include in its realm the working of the heart. Love had its way. For love’s commands, even shame endured. Deep in reflection, Lancelot had no defense against love. He did completely forget himself. An opponent challenged Lancelot three times before crossing a stream. The opponent struck Lancelot with Lancelot still in love’s command. The opponent ha d unfairly struck him. Lancelot wanted to avenge this disturbance of his revery (891-893). Outside revery he was in a fair enough way but his one and only heart he entrusted to some one else such that he was constrained in a special manner (1231-1248).   He found the Queen’s comb. It had strands of her hair and he was ecstatic:Touching them a hundred thousandTimes, caressing with his eves,His lips, his forehead, his face.And all of it brings him happiness,Fills him with the richest delight;He presses it into his breast,Slips it between his shirtAnd his heart – worth more than a wagon-Load of emeralds or diamonds, (1470-1478).Later, in traversing the sword bridge, the blade cut so as to maim him but the suffering was sweet since love led him on and relieved his pain (3115-3122). Still later a distraught Lancelot, thinking that the Queen is dead, attempted to kill himself by hanging himself from his saddle by means of his belt (4264-4268).Honor had its greatest demands made upon it by love but it spanned also military activity for which the knights were constantly prepared. In this preparation, a generous hospitality aided them that mostly included horses (284-289), beds (458-463), and food. For the first two, they had a choice. The mistress of a house offered Lancelot the house and the mistress of the house (938-949).Thus prepared, their military valor was a pledge, an oath, which they must uphold. A knight could be in the grip of another knight and not fight correctly; so the second knight asked to release the first knight. Then the second knight could recover his military equipment and they could then fight in the approved manner (839-852). The more honor gained in combat, the better. Accompanying a damsel involved an unspoken oath and was a very serious business since the knight was then responsible for her.A challenging knight could assault her with impunity if a challenging knight defeated the escorting knight (1304-1322). Mercy could be gr anted for the about to be vanquished but this usually entailed an oath be taken. The one who granted mercy redeemed this oath to their benefit. If one had an oath to carry out, then could not do it, there could be shame of a great dimension when another knight did the deed (4013-4019). Knights sometimes honored a pledge, for honor’s sake, even though it seemed not in the best interests of most of those involved as when Kay sought to have the Queen accompany him into the forest where a knight awaited :The king was upset, but his wordHad been given, and he could not revoke it,No matter how angry and sorrowfulIt made him (which was easy to see).The queen, too, was deeplyDispleased, and the whole palaceDenounced Kay’s pride and presumptionIn making such a demand. (179-186).Again, it could be a combatant who would not continue the fight if pledged by his lady to cease. Then the other knight must not force a continuance then and there by striking the one who no longer lifts a weapon. Meleagant, for example, struck Lancelot.   The Queen had requested Lancelot to stop fighting:  The king came hurrying downFrom the tower, to stop him. StraightTo the field of battle he went,Speaking these words to his son:â€Å"What’s this? You think it’s fineTo go on fighting, afterHe’s stopped? You act like a savage!† (3824-3831).The truth of the matter is that Lancelot only appeared to give up. In truth he was doing what his lady had requested of him. Later her captors said she was lying about bloodied sheets (4788-4798). This was a most grievous charge and so combat was called for. Holy relics came out and, on their knees, the parties involved did swear. Truth in other matters was another preoccupation of the aristocrats that Chrà ©tien wrote about. There were standards of truth against which the knights and others could measure their conduct. To seek death in ignorance was the action of a fool.   A fool too was one who does not truly humble oneself. A fool never lost his folly. Those nobles, not fools, did not need to seek praise to enhance their deeds and self praise did not increase one’s esteem. The madness of a fool had no cure:â€Å"Who do you think believes you?†Said the king. â€Å"All these peopleCan tell for themselves what’s trueAnd False. We know you’re lying.† (3841-3844).Far from the fool was the man as lover who was always obedient and gladly did his lover’s bidding in short order. He knew much about love and included in this knowledge was that honor done for love entailed no shame. Should something greatly go amiss, he would not fear death. Death desired those who were afraid of it (4283-4284).Before death there were dwarfs. Lancelot encountered two dwarfs in the tale. Neither one was up to any good. The first, described as a â€Å"Low-born and disgusting† dwarf (353) did lead Lancelot astray. The dwarf lied as to knowing the Queen’s whereab outs but did convince Lancelot to enter the cart. The other dwarf encountered Lancelot on Lancelot’s approach to the water bridge. The dwarf promised to take Lancelot to a special place (5081-5084). This dwarf also lied.No one said anything about what happened to the dwarfs. Presumably, they received a suitable fate for their unbecoming behavior. Perhaps death found them soon enough without their heads. It seemed that beheading was the surefire way to ensure that the one on their way out did indeed depart. Lancelot did battle with an enemy and after having vanquished him, a woman wants the opponent’s head. Lancelot obliges :One swing of the sword, the headWas off, and it and the bodyFell to the ground. And the girlWas happy†¦.(2927-2930).The headless one wronged her. Lancelot had already showed mercy to the opponent. Then again the opponent had pleaded for mercy. Then too the opponent had been most impertinent with Lancelot. So the upshot of this battle was the da msel was pleased and the opponent lost his head.Another beheading occurred at the end of the tale. Meleagant reflected on how it was that Lancelot had made his way to Camelot. Meleagant had thought he had locked Lancelot in a tower from which there could be no escape. He realized that he was a victim of trickery. He was ready for something worse than great shame and humiliation (6967-6969).   In his battle with Lancelot he lost his right arm. He felt badly since he then could not strike Lancelot. Then he was smashed in the face by Lancelot. Three teeth are broken in his mouth. His state enraged him to the extent he could not speak and so did not seek mercy. Lancelot cut off his head. It was finished :And let me assure you, no oneWho was there, watching the battle,Felt the slightest pity.The king and his courtiers and ladiesWere fairly jumping for joy (7099-7103). Works CitedChrà ©tien de Troyes. Lancelot: The Knight of the Cart. Trans. Burton Raffel. New Haven & London: Yale Univ ersity Press ,1997.